Growing impact of ‘Click chemistry’ inspired glycohybrid 1,2,3-Triazoles in organic synthesis

Abstract

Carbohydrates, a most abundant natural product have fascinating structural features notably their high functional nature having multiple hydroxyl groups as well stereogenic centers which all together attracted the interest of synthetic chemists to explore them as valuable scaffolds in ligand design. In recent years, 1,2,3-triazole-linked sugar conjugates developed via regioselective CuAAC route have emerged as promising ligands in transition metal catalysis. These glycoconjugates have been applied in C–C and C–N bond-forming reactions, including Ullmann and Sonogashira couplings, particularly with Cu, Ni, and Pd catalysts. Their use has further extended to asymmetric catalysis, ligand-assisted activation, and sustainable synthesis. This review provides a concise overview of click-derived 1,2,3–triazole–sugar conjugates as promising ligands in transition metal catalysis, with highlighting their role in enhancing the catalytic reactivity, controlling the regio- and/or stereoselectivity, and improving the efficiency of metal-mediated transformations.