Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas isolated from water at primary health care centers in Gaza, Palestine: a cross-sectional study

IF 1.7 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

IJID regions Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100671

Reem Abu-Shomar , Mark Zeitoun , Aula Abbara , Abdelraouf Elmanama

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Abstract

Objectives

To assess the antibiotic resistance profile, multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI), and genetic determinants of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from water sources in primary health care centers in Gaza. This investigation aimed to understand potential risks for nosocomial transmission, particularly in the context of deteriorating healthcare and water infrastructure in conflict zone.

Methods

A total of 64 water samples were collected from five primary health care centers across Gaza (April-August 2022). Isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested via the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method; MARI was calculated, and polymerase chain reaction was used to detect New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) genes.

Results

Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from 59.4% of samples (desalinated: 48.3%; municipal: 68.6%). High resistance was observed to imipenem (84%) and piperacillin (84%), followed by aztreonam (31.6%) and gentamicin (28.9%). The average MARI was 0.4. NDM genes were detected in a subset of isolates.

Conclusions

The presence of multidrug-resistant, NDM-producing Pseudomonas in reverse osmosis and municipal water highlights the urgent need for water safety, screening, and infection control in conflict-affected health care settings.

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巴勒斯坦加沙初级卫生保健中心从水中分离出的耐多药假单胞菌：一项横断面研究

目的评估加沙初级卫生保健中心水源中分离的假单胞菌的抗生素耐药谱、多重抗生素耐药指数（MARI）和遗传决定因素。这项调查旨在了解医院传播的潜在风险，特别是在冲突地区医疗和供水基础设施恶化的背景下。方法于2022年4月至8月在加沙的5个初级卫生保健中心共采集64份水样。分离物采用标准微生物学技术进行鉴定。采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法检测药敏；计算MARI，采用聚合酶链反应检测新德里金属β-内酰胺酶（NDM）基因。结果59.4%的样品中检出假单胞菌(脱盐48.3%；市政:68.6%)。对亚胺培南（84%）和哌拉西林（84%）耐药较高，其次是氨曲南（31.6%）和庆大霉素（28.9%）。平均MARI为0.4。在一部分分离株中检测到NDM基因。结论反渗透和市政用水中存在多药耐药、产生ndm的假单胞菌，这凸显了受冲突影响的卫生保健机构对水安全、筛查和感染控制的迫切需要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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