Bio-based polymer composites obtained by vat photopolymerization of photocurable resins modified with biochar as sustainable filler

IF 8.1 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109102

Giovanna Colucci , Federica Di Stefano , Francesca Sacchi , Michela Licciardello , Chiara Tonda-Turo , Luca Lavagna , Massimo Messori

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Abstract

The present work focuses on the preparation and characterization of novel bio-based photocured composites realized by vat photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing. Acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) resin was selected as the monomeric starting material and mixed with isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA), used as reactive diluent at 50 wt%, in the presence of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (BAPO), as radical photoinitiator. The polymerization process was carried out by using a VP technology as the liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printing. Biochar (BC), deriving from biomass pyrolysis, was added to the resin from 0.5 up to 2 wt% to obtain the final bio-based composites formulations. Rheological measurements were firstly performed to evaluate the viscosity and the printability of the photocurable formulations, and photo-DSC analysis was carried out to study the photo-curing phenomenon and the effects of the BC presence on the curing process within the 3D printer.

After determining the optimal printing parameters, different geometries were printed, leading progressively to the realization of more complex parts with a high number of layers and good dimensional accuracy, such as alternative forearm splints prototypes for biomedical applications. The bio-based composites loaded with biochar underwent several characterization measurements to investigate their thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties. Finally, cell viability and cytocompatibility tests were carried out to study the real applications as bio-based materials for prosthesis development.

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以生物炭作为可持续填料对光固化树脂进行改性，通过还原光聚合得到生物基聚合物复合材料

本文主要研究了利用还原光聚合（VP） 3D打印技术制备和表征新型生物基光固化复合材料。以丙烯酸酯环氧大豆油（AESO）树脂为单体原料，在苯双（2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰）氧化膦（BAPO）为自由基光引发剂的条件下，与甲基丙烯酸异硼酸酯（IBOMA）混合，以50%的质量分数作为反应稀释剂。采用VP技术进行聚合工艺作为液晶显示器（LCD）的3D打印。从生物质热解得到的生物炭（BC）从0.5 wt%添加到树脂中，以获得最终的生物基复合材料配方。首先进行了流变学测试，以评估光固化配方的粘度和可打印性，然后进行了photodsc分析，研究了光固化现象以及BC的存在对3D打印机固化过程的影响。在确定最佳打印参数后，不同的几何形状被打印出来，从而逐步实现更复杂的零件，具有高层数和良好的尺寸精度，例如用于生物医学应用的替代前臂夹板原型。负载生物炭的生物基复合材料进行了多次表征测量，以研究其热、形态和机械性能。最后进行了细胞活力和细胞相容性测试，以研究其作为生物基材料在假肢开发中的实际应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

492

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing is a comprehensive journal that publishes original research papers, review articles, case studies, short communications, and letters covering various aspects of composite materials science and technology. This includes fibrous and particulate reinforcements in polymeric, metallic, and ceramic matrices, as well as 'natural' composites like wood and biological materials. The journal addresses topics such as properties, design, and manufacture of reinforcing fibers and particles, novel architectures and concepts, multifunctional composites, advancements in fabrication and processing, manufacturing science, process modeling, experimental mechanics, microstructural characterization, interfaces, prediction and measurement of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior, and performance in service. Additionally, articles on economic and commercial aspects, design, and case studies are welcomed. All submissions undergo rigorous peer review to ensure they contribute significantly and innovatively, maintaining high standards for content and presentation. The editorial team aims to expedite the review process for prompt publication.