Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties

IF 9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physical review letters Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.134.233002

Alexander Wilzewski, Lukas J. Spieß, Malte Wehrheim, Shuying Chen, Steven A. King, Peter Micke, Melina Filzinger, Martin R. Steinel, Nils Huntemann, Erik Benkler, Piet O. Schmidt, Luca I. Huber, Jeremy Flannery, Roland Matt, Martin Stadler, Robin Oswald, Fabian Schmid, Daniel Kienzler, Jonathan Home, Diana P. L. Aude Craik, Menno Door, Sergey Eliseev, Pavel Filianin, Jost Herkenhoff, Kathrin Kromer, Klaus Blaum, Vladimir A. Yerokhin, Igor A. Valuev, Natalia S. Oreshkina, Chunhai Lyu, Sreya Banerjee, Christoph H. Keitel, Zoltán Harman, Julian C. Berengut, Anna Viatkina, Jan Gilles, Andrey Surzhykov, Michael K. Rosner, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, Jan Richter, Agnese Mariotti, Elina Fuchs

{"title":"Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties","authors":"Alexander Wilzewski, Lukas J. Spieß, Malte Wehrheim, Shuying Chen, Steven A. King, Peter Micke, Melina Filzinger, Martin R. Steinel, Nils Huntemann, Erik Benkler, Piet O. Schmidt, Luca I. Huber, Jeremy Flannery, Roland Matt, Martin Stadler, Robin Oswald, Fabian Schmid, Daniel Kienzler, Jonathan Home, Diana P. L. Aude Craik, Menno Door, Sergey Eliseev, Pavel Filianin, Jost Herkenhoff, Kathrin Kromer, Klaus Blaum, Vladimir A. Yerokhin, Igor A. Valuev, Natalia S. Oreshkina, Chunhai Lyu, Sreya Banerjee, Christoph H. Keitel, Zoltán Harman, Julian C. Berengut, Anna Viatkina, Jan Gilles, Andrey Surzhykov, Michael K. Rosner, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, Jan Richter, Agnese Mariotti, Elina Fuchs","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.233002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P</a:mi></a:mrow>3</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow>0</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub>→</a:mo>P</a:mi></a:mrow>3</a:mn></a:mrow></a:mmultiscripts></a:mrow>1</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> in <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:mrow><d:msup><d:mrow><d:mi>Ca</d:mi></d:mrow><d:mrow><d:mn>14</d:mn><d:mo>+</d:mo></d:mrow></d:msup></d:mrow></d:math> and <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mrow><f:msub><f:mrow><f:mmultiscripts><f:mrow><f:mi>S</f:mi></f:mrow><f:mprescripts/><f:none/><f:mrow><f:mn>2</f:mn></f:mrow></f:mmultiscripts></f:mrow><f:mrow><f:mn>1</f:mn><f:mo>/</f:mo><f:mn>2</f:mn></f:mrow></f:msub><f:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</f:mo><f:mmultiscripts><f:mrow><f:msub><f:mrow><f:mi>D</f:mi></f:mrow><f:mrow><f:mn>5</f:mn><f:mo>/</f:mo><f:mn>2</f:mn></f:mrow></f:msub></f:mrow><f:mprescripts/><f:none/><f:mrow><f:mn>2</f:mn></f:mrow></f:mmultiscripts></f:mrow></f:math> in <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msup><i:mi>Ca</i:mi><i:mo>+</i:mo></i:msup></i:math> with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mn>4</k:mn><k:mo>×</k:mo><k:msup><k:mn>10</k:mn><k:mrow><k:mo>−</k:mo><k:mn>11</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msup></k:math> for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (<m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mrow><m:mmultiscripts><m:mrow><m:mi>Ca</m:mi></m:mrow><m:mprescripts/><m:none/><m:mrow><m:mn>40</m:mn><m:mo>,</m:mo><m:mn>42</m:mn><m:mo>,</m:mo><m:mn>44</m:mn><m:mo>,</m:mo><m:mn>46</m:mn><m:mo>,</m:mo><m:mn>48</m:mn></m:mrow></m:mmultiscripts></m:mrow></m:math>). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:mo>∼</o:mo><o:msup><o:mn>10</o:mn><o:mn>3</o:mn></o:msup><o:mi>σ</o:mi></o:math>. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between <q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><q:mrow><q:mn>10</q:mn><q:mtext> </q:mtext><q:mtext> </q:mtext><q:mi>eV</q:mi><q:mo>/</q:mo><q:msup><q:mrow><q:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</q:mi></q:mrow><q:mrow><q:mn>2</q:mn></q:mrow></q:msup></q:mrow></q:math> and <t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><t:mrow><t:msup><t:mrow><t:mn>10</t:mn></t:mrow><t:mrow><t:mn>7</t:mn></t:mrow></t:msup><t:mtext> </t:mtext><t:mtext> </t:mtext><t:mi>eV</t:mi><t:mo>/</t:mo><t:msup><t:mrow><t:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">c</t:mi></t:mrow><t:mrow><t:mn>2</t:mn></t:mrow></t:msup></t:mrow></t:math>. Published by the American Physical Society 2025 ","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"588 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical review letters","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.233002","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P30→P31 in Ca14+ and S21/2→D5/22 in Ca+ with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below 4×10−11 for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (Ca40,42,44,46,48). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of ∼103σ. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between 10 eV/c2 and 107 eV/c2.

Published by the American Physical Society

2025

查看原文本刊更多论文

非线性钙王图约束新玻色子及其核性质

同位素位移（IS）的金图（KP）的非线性可以揭示电子和中子耦合的超标准模型（BSM）相互作用的存在。然而，区分高阶标准模型（SM）效应和BSM物理是至关重要的。我们以亚hz精度测量了Ca14+中的P30→P31和Ca+中的S21/2→D5/22跃迁的IS，以及钙的五种稳定均匀同位素（Ca40,42,44,46,48）的相对不确定度低于4×10−11的核质量比。综合起来，这些测量产生钙KP非线性，显著性为~ 103σ。精确计算表明，非线性不能完全由预期的最大高阶SM效应，二阶质量位移来解释，并确定很少研究的核极化是唯一剩余的SM贡献，可能足够大来解释它。尽管观察到非线性，我们改进了现有的基于kp的假设汤川相互作用约束，大多数新的玻色子质量在10 eV/c2和107 eV/c2之间。2025年由美国物理学会出版

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Physical review letters 物理-物理：综合

CiteScore

16.50

自引率

7.00%

发文量

2673

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Physical review letters(PRL)covers the full range of applied, fundamental, and interdisciplinary physics research topics: General physics, including statistical and quantum mechanics and quantum information Gravitation, astrophysics, and cosmology Elementary particles and fields Nuclear physics Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Nonlinear dynamics, fluid dynamics, and classical optics Plasma and beam physics Condensed matter and materials physics Polymers, soft matter, biological, climate and interdisciplinary physics, including networks