Y Deepa, K Mahesh Kumar, S Gowtham, N Manavalan, S Edmin Christa
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Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, requiring effective management strategies. While pharmacological treatment remains the cornerstone, non-pharmacological interventions such as yoga and naturopathy are promising in blood pressure regulation.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated yoga and naturopathy therapies (INYTs) in managing blood pressure and cardiovascular parameters among hypertensive patients.
Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study analyzed inpatient medical records from January to December 2018 at the Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital. 281 hypertensive patients were allocated to two groups: patients receiving antihypertensive medication (n = 156) and those without medication (n = 125).
Interventions: All participants received a standardized 15-day individualized and group INYT sessions, including yoga practices (asana, pranayama, meditation), naturopathy-based hydrotherapy, mud therapy, massage, acupuncture, and dietary interventions.
Main outcomes: Primary outcomes included changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), and double product (DoP) measured before and after the intervention.
Results: Both groups demonstrated significant reductions (P < .05) in SBP, DBP, HR, PP, MAP, RPP, and DoP following the intervention. Hypertensive patients without medication exhibited a greater reduction in SBP (142.1 ± 11.9 mmHg to 129.8 ± 14.7 mmHg) and DBP (86.4 ± 9.4 mmHg to 76.5 ± 6.5 mmHg) than those on medication (SBP: 126.2 ± 3.5 mmHg to 118.7 ± 2.4 mmHg; DBP: 74.5 ± 4.2 mmHg to 66.5 ± 9.0 mmHg). The intergroup analysis confirmed a significantly greater improvement in the non-medication group (P < .01).
Conclusions: INYTs were associated with significant improvements in blood pressure and cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive patients. The greater magnitude of improvement observed in the non-medication group suggests potential benefits of INYTs as an adjunct to conventional management.
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