Dmitri Karaman, Kira Williams, Jolene Phelps, Fynn La Boucan, Gretchen Lewandowski, Kerrin O'Grady, Bosco Yu, Stephanie M Willerth
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Bioprinting incorporates printable biomaterials into 3D printing to create intricate tissues that maintain a defined 3D structure while supporting the survival and function of relevant cell types. A major challenge in 3D bioprinting is tuning material properties to ensure compatibility with different types of cells, while accurately mimicking the physiological microenvironment. Developing novel bioinks tailored to specific applications can help address this challenge by combining various materials and additives to tune the bioink formulation. Microspheres - small spherical particles - can incorporate drugs or growth factors to enable their controlled release, encapsulate cells to provide protection during printing, and provide structural reinforcement to tune mechanical properties and enable complex architectures. The particles range in size from 1 to 1000 μm and can be tuned to meet desired functions by optimizing their mode of production and the materials used for fabrication. This review presents an overview of microsphere production methods and considerations for optimizing the production process. It then summarizes how microspheres have been used to date in bioprinting applications. Finally, the existing challenges associated with the creation and use of microspheres are discussed along with avenues for future research.
期刊介绍：
The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs.
In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.
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