{"title":"Preventive and therapeutic strategies via health care delivery system to minimize sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy: a narrative review.","authors":"Anuradha Raj, Anurag Singla, Shivani Sidana","doi":"10.1007/s11892-025-01591-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To highlight various preventive and therapeutic strategies via health care delivery system to minimize sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes and is a common cause of blindness among economic age groups or the working population of the country. Clinically, DR can be graded as non-sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR), including mild and moderate non-proliferative abnormalities and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR), which comprises of severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), or clinically significant macular edema (CSME). In STDR, the disease progresses to the proliferative phase which is characterized by the formation of new blood vessels and macular edema owing to the accumulation of fluid within the retina, producing severe and often irreversible vision loss. With the influx of artificial intelligence in the medical arena, there is a continuous rise in the demand for the development of automated analysis software for the analysis of retinal images in people with diabetes. Nowadays, Smartphone-based retinal imaging has emerged as one of the most cost-effective ways of screening for DR in the community, which even non-ophthalmologists can do. Understanding the factors associated with STDR can help to develop primary and secondary prevention strategies. Spreading awareness regarding STDR at the community level is crucial. All diabetic patients need regular and repetitive follow-ups with the ophthalmologist for screening and timely treatment of DR, particularly STDR. Preservation of sight in STDR can be achieved through effective screening, timely laser treatment, intraocular injection of steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth-factor agents and intraocular surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10898,"journal":{"name":"Current Diabetes Reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Diabetes Reports","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-025-01591-5","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Purpose of review: To highlight various preventive and therapeutic strategies via health care delivery system to minimize sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.
Recent findings: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes and is a common cause of blindness among economic age groups or the working population of the country. Clinically, DR can be graded as non-sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR), including mild and moderate non-proliferative abnormalities and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR), which comprises of severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), or clinically significant macular edema (CSME). In STDR, the disease progresses to the proliferative phase which is characterized by the formation of new blood vessels and macular edema owing to the accumulation of fluid within the retina, producing severe and often irreversible vision loss. With the influx of artificial intelligence in the medical arena, there is a continuous rise in the demand for the development of automated analysis software for the analysis of retinal images in people with diabetes. Nowadays, Smartphone-based retinal imaging has emerged as one of the most cost-effective ways of screening for DR in the community, which even non-ophthalmologists can do. Understanding the factors associated with STDR can help to develop primary and secondary prevention strategies. Spreading awareness regarding STDR at the community level is crucial. All diabetic patients need regular and repetitive follow-ups with the ophthalmologist for screening and timely treatment of DR, particularly STDR. Preservation of sight in STDR can be achieved through effective screening, timely laser treatment, intraocular injection of steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth-factor agents and intraocular surgery.
期刊介绍：
The goal of this journal is to publish cutting-edge reviews on subjects pertinent to all aspects of diabetes epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. We aim to provide incisive, insightful, and balanced contributions from leading experts in each relevant domain that will be of immediate interest to a wide readership of clinicians, basic scientists, and translational investigators.
We accomplish this aim by appointing major authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the discipline. Section Editors select topics to be reviewed by leading experts who emphasize recent developments and highlight important papers published over the past year on their topics, in a crisp and readable format. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.
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