Litter reduction-induced obesity reduces masticatory performance and SERT expression in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

Abstract

Introduction

Studies associate obesity with poorer masticatory performance. Obese individuals have larger bite size, use fewer masticatory sequences, and chew faster, contributing to higher food intake. The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus facilitates the transmission of sensory input from the oral cavity to coordinate orofacial movements during chewing and swallowing. The serotonin transporter (SERT) acts on serotonergic neurotransmission control and correlates with obesity parameters.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of obesity induced by litter size reduction on somatic and masticatory performance and serotonin transporter immunoreactivity in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus.

Methods

Wistar rats were distributed into a control group (CL; 9 pups per dam; n = 13) and a small litter group (SL; 3 pups per dam; n = 13), analyzing their body weight, brown and white adipose tissue weight, food intake during mastication, masticatory jaw movements, and serotonin transporter immunohistochemistry.

Results

The overfed group had greater body weight from postnatal day 14 onwards; greater food consumption through chewing, and fewer chewing sequences and cycles on postnatal day 22; and greater amounts of inguinal, epididymal, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and brown fat on postnatal day 30. Overfed animals had longer chewing sequences and lower chewing rates; they also had lower expression of SERT-IR, larger diameter of neurons and lower neuronal density in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus.

Conclusion

Obesity induced by neonatal overnutrition leads to decreased SERT expression in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, leading to less rhythmic chewing activity and greater food consumption during chewing. These findings show the importance of the relationship between obesity, chewing, and SERT expression.