{"title":"Accounting for learning in prospective LCA: Theory and practical guidance","authors":"Sander S. van Nielen, René Kleijn, Arnold Tukker","doi":"10.1111/jiec.70002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Learning is important for the development of industrially deployed technologies, and learning curves have been used to determine future production costs. Although the effect of learning on costs has been extensively studied, little evidence exists for its effect on environmental impacts, and a conceptual underpinning is lacking. Based on a review of theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, this study presents a procedure for assessing learning of industrial processes in ex ante and prospective life cycle assessment (LCA). We argue that learning involves operational or organizational changes, which are motivated by incentives. Therefore, environmental impacts may follow a learning curve trend if the origins of impacts coincide with dominant incentives. A key observation is that the results may vary by impact category, and certain impacts may not decline at all. Therefore, we developed guidelines that consider these differences when evaluating environmental learning effects and rates, as illustrated with examples in an LCA context. Further research is needed to expand the evidence base for environmental learning, by re-interpreting datasets of existing technologies to determine their learning rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Ecology","volume":"29 3","pages":"683-697"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jiec.70002","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Industrial Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jiec.70002","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Learning is important for the development of industrially deployed technologies, and learning curves have been used to determine future production costs. Although the effect of learning on costs has been extensively studied, little evidence exists for its effect on environmental impacts, and a conceptual underpinning is lacking. Based on a review of theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, this study presents a procedure for assessing learning of industrial processes in ex ante and prospective life cycle assessment (LCA). We argue that learning involves operational or organizational changes, which are motivated by incentives. Therefore, environmental impacts may follow a learning curve trend if the origins of impacts coincide with dominant incentives. A key observation is that the results may vary by impact category, and certain impacts may not decline at all. Therefore, we developed guidelines that consider these differences when evaluating environmental learning effects and rates, as illustrated with examples in an LCA context. Further research is needed to expand the evidence base for environmental learning, by re-interpreting datasets of existing technologies to determine their learning rates.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Industrial Ecology addresses a series of related topics:
material and energy flows studies (''industrial metabolism'')
technological change
dematerialization and decarbonization
life cycle planning, design and assessment
design for the environment
extended producer responsibility (''product stewardship'')
eco-industrial parks (''industrial symbiosis'')
product-oriented environmental policy
eco-efficiency
Journal of Industrial Ecology is open to and encourages submissions that are interdisciplinary in approach. In addition to more formal academic papers, the journal seeks to provide a forum for continuing exchange of information and opinions through contributions from scholars, environmental managers, policymakers, advocates and others involved in environmental science, management and policy.