Research on Wireless Sensor Adaptive Networking for Power Monitoring Based on Ultra Wide Band

Abstract

Monitoring the status of power equipment is a key means of ensuring the power grid's safe, reliable, and economical operation. However, current mature wireless communication technology and networking protocols are constrained by the spectral efficiency bottleneck and multipath sensitivity of narrowband systems, which hinders their ability to fulfill the high-reliability and flexibility transmission needs of large-flow data in power monitoring. This paper proposes an adaptive networking method for power monitoring wireless sensor networks (PMWSN) based on ultra-wideband (UWB), fully leveraging the high bandwidth, high temporal resolution, and physical layer advantages of UWB technology in resisting multipath interference. Because of sensor nodes' weak networking ability in power business scenarios, a new PMWSN architecture is presented, which uses routing nodes with high computing power to collect sensor data and network. The wireless routing and gateway device based on UWB pulse radio characteristics is designed to achieve high-speed and reliable power data through low-power spectral density transmission. Furthermore, an adaptive networking method of PMWSN is proposed, which enables routing nodes to comprehensively calculate the optimal data transmission path and alternative paths based on distance, link quality, and load rate. The experimental results show that the maximum transmission rate of the designed wireless routing device can reach 1.7 Mbps (6.8 times higher than typical industrial IoT protocols such as IEEE 802.15.4 and 170 times higher than LoRa)while maintaining a reliable throughput of 836.5 kbps within a distance of 100 meters. Moreover, the proposed self-organizing network technology can quickly complete the networking process, and the average maximum delay of single-hop data transmission is 3.6 ms. In addition, when a new node joins, or an existing node exits the network, the proposed method can promptly use alternative paths for rapid routing recovery, thereby improving the reliability and anti-destruction capability of the network.