Green hydrogen in the Alps: Mapping local stakeholders perspectives and identifying opportunities for decarbonization

Abstract

The effects of climate change and reliance on fossil fuels in the Alps highlight the need for energy sufficiency, improved efficiency, and renewable energy deployment to support decarbonization goals. Hydrogen has gained attention as a versatile, zero-emission energy carrier with the potential to drive cleaner energy solutions and sustainable tourism in Alpine regions. This study shares findings from a hydrogen survey conducted within the Interreg Alpine Space AMETHyST project, which included questionnaires and roundtable discussions across Alpine territories. The survey explored hydrogen’s role in decarbonizing the Alps, gathering insights from local stakeholders about their knowledge, expertise, needs, and targets for hydrogen solutions. It also mapped existing hydrogen initiatives. Results revealed strong interest in hydrogen implementation, with many territories eager to launch projects. However, high investment and operational costs, along with associated risks, are key barriers. The absence of clear local hydrogen strategies and of a comprehensive regulatory framework also poses significant challenges. Incentivization schemes could facilitate initiatives and foster local hydrogen economies. The most promising application areas for hydrogen in the Alps are private and public mobility sectors. The residential sector, particularly in tourist accommodations, also presents potential. Regardless of specific uses, developing renewable energy capacity and infrastructure is essential to create green hydrogen ecosystems that can store excess renewable energy from intermittent sources for later use.