Autoimmune encephalitis and delayed diagnosis in common variable immunodeficiency: A case report and review of literature

Abstract

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that often presents with recurrent infections and autoimmune complications, leading to diagnostic delays. This case report presents two adult male patients, ages 44 and 42, with prolonged histories of recurrent pneumonia, sinusitis, meningitis, and autoimmune encephalitis. Both cases were initially mismanaged due to the isolated treatment of symptoms, delaying the diagnosis of CVID. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations eventually revealed low immunoglobulin levels, confirming the diagnosis. These cases highlight the importance of early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach to managing patients with recurrent infections and unusual presentations.