Primary Facial Cutaneous Mucormycosis in a 6 Month-Old Infant: Case Report With Literature Review.

Abstract

Cutaneous mucormycosis, a rare and life-threatening fungal infection caused by Mucorales species, predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals. This report describes a rapidly progressive case in a 6-month-old immunocompetent infant who presented with necrotic facial lesions progressing to extensive eschar over 2 weeks. Despite prompt histopathological confirmation, radical surgical debridement, and immediate liposomal amphotericin B therapy, the infant succumbed to sudden deterioration 3 months after apparent clinical resolution. Initial biopsies confirmed cutaneous mucormycosis with characteristic broad, pauci-septate hyphae, while repeat biopsies at 1 month showed no residual disease. Laboratory and imaging findings were unremarkable, and fungal cultures remained negative. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of pediatric mucormycosis, particularly in immunocompetent hosts, and underscores the potential for fatal relapse despite adherence to treatment protocols. The paradoxical outcome emphasizes the need for prolonged antifungal therapy, advanced molecular monitoring, and equitable access to diagnostics in resource-limited settings.