Knowledge, perception and predisposition to implement the MAPEX strategy in hospital pharmacy residents in Spain. FIRMAPEX project.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge, perception, and willingness of hospital pharmacy residents in Spain to implement the initiatives of the MAPEX project (Strategic Map for Outpatient Pharmaceutical Care) by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy in the future, as well as to analyze the influence of outpatient pharmacy rotations on these aspects.

Methods: A four-phase study was conducted: information review and analysis, questionnaire design, survey administration, and final report development. A questionnaire was designed to assess knowledge, perception, and application of MAPEX, as well as experience in outpatient pharmacy rotations. Factorial and bivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the questionnaire structure and identify associations between variables.

Results: A total of 143 residents participated. Of these, 78.3% had completed an outpatient pharmacy rotation, which was significantly associated with greater knowledge (p = 0.02) and application (p = 0.01) of MAPEX. However, only 15.4% had a high level of knowledge, and 12.6% frequently applied the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) methodology. Although 71.3% positively valued motivational interviewing, only 28% used it frequently. Willingness to implement MAPEX was high (73.4%), reaching 100% among those with a high level of knowledge about the project (p = 0.04). Factor analysis identified six factors explaining 66.8% of the total variance.

Conclusions: Hospital pharmacy residents demonstrated a positive perception and a high willingness to implement MAPEX, highlighting the need for its structured integration into specialized training. Outpatient pharmacy rotations significantly improve knowledge and application of the CMO methodology, emphasizing their importance in pharmaceutical care training.