NETosis in hypersensitivity disorders.

Abstract

Neutrophils are the first cells among the innate and adaptive immune cells, which quickly react to infections, injuries, and disease. Neutrophils have a wide range of antimicrobial proteins that are secreted from the cell through the NETosis process. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate formations composed of chromatin decondensed and coated with granular and cytosolic proteins. The body's defensive mechanism first identified NETs as critical participants due to their capacity to immobilize and even eliminate germs. Follow-up investigations have shown that these substances have a role in developing numerous diseases, as their significant components harm nearby tissues. Hypersensitivity disorders are characterized by an unregulated and inappropriate immune response to innocuous antigens, resulting in numerous detrimental results. Both excessive NETosis and poor NET clearance contribute to the tissue damage observed in hypersensitivity disorders such as small vessel vasculitis (SVV), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriasis. NETs can also activate T cells to initiate inflammatory reactions and tissue damage. Here, we explore the recent advances in the role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity disorders.