Managing obstetric and gynecologic complications in obese women: Evidence-Based Strategies for Optimizing Outcomes and Reducing Risks.

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity among reproductive-aged women increases the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, menstrual disorders, infertility, and delivery complications. Despite rising global obesity rates, clinical guidelines often lack comprehensive management strategies. This review examines evidence-based approaches to optimize maternal and gynecologic outcomes through multidisciplinary care.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on obesity-related obstetric and gynecologic complications, including national and international guidelines, clinical trials, and observational studies. Key management strategies such as preconception care, lifestyle interventions, pharmacologic therapies, surgical treatments, and digital health solutions were analyzed.

Results: Obesity is linked to multiple adverse maternal outcomes, including increased rates of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, prolonged labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and fetal complications. Gynecologic conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial hyperplasia, and infertility are also exacerbated by obesity-related metabolic changes. Effective management strategies involve a combination of preconception weight loss interventions, structured gestational monitoring, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical approaches like bariatric surgery for high-risk cases. Telehealth interventions and digital health solutions provide an opportunity to bridge the gap in healthcare access, particularly in rural areas. However, challenges remain due to provider bias, adherence issues, and evolving clinical guidelines.

Conclusions: Integrating medical, surgical, and digital health strategies is essential for improving outcomes in obese women. Expanding telehealth, enhancing provider training, and developing culturally tailored interventions will promote equitable healthcare. Future research should focus on region-specific solutions to optimize maternal and fetal health.