Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II in West Africa (2020) and Its Co-Circulation With Endemic Genotype I: Implications for Pig Production

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1155/tbed/5396227

Irene Kasindi Meki, Adeyinka Jeremy Adedeji, Lalidia Bruno Ouoba, Yao Mathurin Koffi, Adama Diakité, Tirumala B. K. Settypalli, Lamouni Habibata-Zerbo, Kouamé Valère Kouakou, Mohamed Adama Diakité, Charles Masembe, Moctar Sidi, Thierry Ouattara Douyeri, Fatoumata Dembelé, Helen E. Luka, Sandaogo Hamidou-Ouandaogo, Christiane Dembelé, Rebecca Weka, Gregorie Bazimo, Martin Dakouo, Toyin A. Olubade, Mariétou Guitti-Kindo, Chaka Traoré, Olushola Gamra, Dominique Guigma, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Dupe A. Hambolu, Drabo Dji-tombo Adama, Boubacar Madio dit Aladiogo Maïga, Mary A. Ogunleye, Ayokanmi Toluhi, Nanven Maurice, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Pam D. Luka, Giovanni Cattoli, Charles E. Lamien

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly devastating disease of domestic pigs caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). Historically, only ASFV Genotype I was known to circulate in West Africa. However, Genotype II has recently emerged in Nigeria, Ghana, and Benin for the first time. Between 2017 and 2023, suspected ASF outbreaks were reported in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Mali. The source, extent, and spread of these ASF outbreaks remain unknown. Samples collected from 2017 to 2023 were analyzed using real-time qPCR and characterized using five ASFV gene segments: partial gene of the B464L (p72), full length E183L (p54), central variable region (CVR) within B602L, EP402R (CD2v), and intergenic region (IGR) between I73R and I329L genes. ASF was confirmed in 12 Nigerian states and in seven, eight, and two provinces of Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of B646L (p72), E183 (p54), and CD2v genes of ASFV revealed that Genotype I, Serogroup 4, caused the initial outbreaks in these countries, followed by Genotype II, Serogroup 8. CVR profile analysis showed ASFV Genotype I with different variants, while Genotype II presented only one CVR variant. This is the first report of ASFV Genotype II in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, and Mali. The introduction of ASFV Genotype II and its co-circulation with Genotype I in pig populations in these West African countries threatens food security and complicates control measures. Therefore, increased surveillance at international ports of entry, restrictions on live pig movements within the countries, and improved farm-level biosecurity measures are needed to control the further spread of the disease.

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非洲猪瘟病毒基因II型在西非（2020）的检测及其与地方性基因I型的共循环：对生猪生产的影响

非洲猪瘟（ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）引起的一种对家猪具有高度破坏性的疾病。历史上，已知只有ASFV基因1型在西非传播。然而，基因型II最近首次在尼日利亚、加纳和贝宁出现。2017年至2023年期间，布基纳法索、Côte科特迪瓦、尼日利亚和马里报告了疑似非洲猪瘟疫情。这些非洲猪瘟暴发的来源、程度和传播仍然未知。采用实时荧光定量pcr技术对2017 - 2023年采集的ASFV样本进行分析，并对B464L部分基因（p72）、E183L全长基因（p54）、B602L内的中心可变区（CVR）、EP402R （CD2v）和I73R和I329L基因间区（IGR） 5个ASFV基因片段进行鉴定。尼日利亚的12个州以及布基纳法索、Côte科特迪瓦和马里的7、8和2个省分别确诊了非洲猪瘟。对ASFV的B646L （p72）、E183 （p54）和CD2v基因的系统发育分析显示，基因I型（血清组4）在这些国家引起了最初的暴发，其次是基因II型（血清组8）。CVR谱分析显示，ASFV基因型I有不同的变异，而基因型II只有一个CVR变异。这是布基纳法索、科特迪瓦和马里首次报告非洲猪瘟基因型II。非洲猪瘟基因型II的传入及其与基因型I在这些西非国家猪群中的共传播威胁着粮食安全，并使控制措施复杂化。因此，需要加强国际入境口岸的监测，限制各国境内的活猪流动，并改进农场一级的生物安全措施，以控制疾病的进一步传播。

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来源期刊

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

9.30%

发文量

350

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.