Prompt gamma-rays induced in Methamphetamine, Fentanyl, Cocaine, and Heroin due to neutrons produced by 252Cf and a DT nuclear reaction

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113038

H.R. Vega-Carrillo , C.A. Marquez-Mata , C.O. Torres-Cortes , A. Baltazar-Raigosa , L.E. Cevallos-Robalino , G.F. Garcia-Fernandez , S.A. Al-Shelkamy , Marcial Vasquez-Arteaga

{"title":"Prompt gamma-rays induced in Methamphetamine, Fentanyl, Cocaine, and Heroin due to neutrons produced by 252Cf and a DT nuclear reaction","authors":"H.R. Vega-Carrillo , C.A. Marquez-Mata , C.O. Torres-Cortes , A. Baltazar-Raigosa , L.E. Cevallos-Robalino , G.F. Garcia-Fernandez , S.A. Al-Shelkamy , Marcial Vasquez-Arteaga","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113038","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prompt gamma rays neutron activation analysis is an analytical technique useful to detect compounds made with low atomic number elements, like narcotics. In this work, Monte Carlo methods were used to estimate the gamma-ray spectra produced when 252Cf and DT (14.1 MeV) neutrons interact with 12.70 and 20.32 cm-diameter spheres made with methamphetamines, heroin, cocaine and fentanyl. Pulse height spectra show 2.22, 4.44, 5.11, and 6.13 MeV photopeaks induced in 1H, 12C, 14N, and 16O. Narcotics are compounds with H, C, N, and O, and the area under the induced gamma rays 1Hγ (2.22 MeV), 12Cγ (4.44 MeV), 14Nγ (5.11 MeV) and 16Oγ (6.13 MeV) were calculated. The 1Hγ/12Cγ, 1Hγ/14Nγ, 12Cγ/14Nγ, 1Hγ/16Oγ and 12Cγ/16Oγ gamma-ray ratios were calculated aiming to distinguish the narcotic. In addition, the linear attenuation coefficients, the effective atomic numbers, and the macroscopic fast neutron removal cross section were calculated. In the interaction between 252Cf neutrons with the 12.70 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest 12Cγ/14Nγ ratio is noticed with cocaine (2.650); the largest 1Hγ/12Cγ ratio is with heroin (16.409), while the largest 1Hγ/14Nγ ratio is with fentanyl (33.587). In the interaction between 252Cf neutrons with the 20.32 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest 12Cγ/14Nγ, 1Hγ/12Cγ, and 1Hγ/14Nγ ratios are with methamphetamine (2.833, 26.971, and 76.418 respectively). In the interaction between DT neutrons with the 12.70 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest 1Hγ/14Nγ and 12Cγ/14Nγ ratios are with methamphetamine (8.611 and 20.00 respectively), while the largest 1Hγ/12Cγ ratio is with heroin (0.6450). Also, in the interaction between DT neutrons with the 20.32 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest 1Hγ/14Nγ and 12Cγ/14Nγ ratios are with methamphetamine (15.922 and 18.700 respectively), while the largest 1Hγ/12Cγ ratio is with heroin (0.991). Induced γ-rays and their ratios can be used to identify the narcotic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X25005304","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Prompt gamma rays neutron activation analysis is an analytical technique useful to detect compounds made with low atomic number elements, like narcotics. In this work, Monte Carlo methods were used to estimate the gamma-ray spectra produced when ²⁵²Cf and DT (14.1 MeV) neutrons interact with 12.70 and 20.32 cm-diameter spheres made with methamphetamines, heroin, cocaine and fentanyl. Pulse height spectra show 2.22, 4.44, 5.11, and 6.13 MeV photopeaks induced in ¹H, ¹²C, ¹⁴N, and ¹⁶O. Narcotics are compounds with H, C, N, and O, and the area under the induced gamma rays ¹Hγ (2.22 MeV), ¹²Cγ (4.44 MeV), ¹⁴Nγ (5.11 MeV) and ¹⁶Oγ (6.13 MeV) were calculated. The ¹Hγ/¹²Cγ, ¹Hγ/¹⁴Nγ, ¹²Cγ/¹⁴Nγ, ¹Hγ/¹⁶Oγ and ¹²Cγ/¹⁶Oγ gamma-ray ratios were calculated aiming to distinguish the narcotic. In addition, the linear attenuation coefficients, the effective atomic numbers, and the macroscopic fast neutron removal cross section were calculated. In the interaction between ²⁵²Cf neutrons with the 12.70 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest ¹²Cγ/¹⁴Nγ ratio is noticed with cocaine (2.650); the largest ¹Hγ/¹²Cγ ratio is with heroin (16.409), while the largest ¹Hγ/¹⁴Nγ ratio is with fentanyl (33.587). In the interaction between ²⁵²Cf neutrons with the 20.32 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest ¹²Cγ/¹⁴Nγ, ¹Hγ/¹²Cγ, and ¹Hγ/¹⁴Nγ ratios are with methamphetamine (2.833, 26.971, and 76.418 respectively). In the interaction between DT neutrons with the 12.70 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest ¹Hγ/¹⁴Nγ and ¹²Cγ/¹⁴Nγ ratios are with methamphetamine (8.611 and 20.00 respectively), while the largest ¹Hγ/¹²Cγ ratio is with heroin (0.6450). Also, in the interaction between DT neutrons with the 20.32 cm-diameter narcotic sphere the largest ¹Hγ/¹⁴Nγ and ¹²Cγ/¹⁴Nγ ratios are with methamphetamine (15.922 and 18.700 respectively), while the largest ¹Hγ/¹²Cγ ratio is with heroin (0.991). Induced γ-rays and their ratios can be used to identify the narcotic.

查看原文本刊更多论文

由252Cf和DT核反应产生的中子引起的甲基苯丙胺、芬太尼、可卡因和海洛因中的快速伽马射线

快速伽马射线中子活化分析是一种有用的分析技术，用于检测由低原子序数元素制成的化合物，如麻醉剂。在这项工作中，蒙特卡罗方法用于估计252Cf和DT （14.1 MeV）中子与12.70和20.32厘米直径的由甲基苯丙胺、海洛因、可卡因和芬太尼制成的球体相互作用时产生的伽马射线能谱。在1H、12C、14N和16O条件下，脉冲高度谱显示出2.22、4.44、5.11和6.13 MeV的光峰。麻醉剂是含有H、C、N和O的化合物，并计算了诱导γ射线1Hγ (2.22 MeV)、12Cγ (4.44 MeV)、14Nγ (5.11 MeV)和16Oγ (6.13 MeV)下的面积。计算了1Hγ/12Cγ、1Hγ/14Nγ、12Cγ/14Nγ、1Hγ/16Oγ和12Cγ/16Oγ的γ射线比值，以区分麻醉品。此外，还计算了线性衰减系数、有效原子序数和宏观快中子去除截面。在252Cf中子与直径12.70 cm的麻醉球的相互作用中，可卡因的12Cγ/14Nγ比值最大（2.650）；1Hγ/12Cγ比值最大的是海洛因（16.409），最大的是芬太尼（33.587）。252Cf中子与直径20.32 cm的麻醉球相互作用时，与甲基苯丙胺的12Cγ/14Nγ、1Hγ/12Cγ和1Hγ/14Nγ比值最大（分别为2.833、26.971和76.418）。DT中子与直径12.70 cm的麻醉球的相互作用中，与甲基苯丙胺的1Hγ/14Nγ和12Cγ/14Nγ比值最大（分别为8.611和20.00），与海洛因的1Hγ/12Cγ比值最大（0.6450）。DT中子与直径20.32 cm的麻醉球的相互作用中，与甲基苯丙胺的1Hγ/14Nγ和12Cγ/14Nγ比值最大（分别为15.922和18.700），与海洛因的1Hγ/12Cγ比值最大（0.991）。诱导γ射线及其比值可用于麻醉药品的鉴别。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Radiation Physics and Chemistry 化学-核科学技术

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

17.20%

发文量

574

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Radiation Physics and Chemistry is a multidisciplinary journal that provides a medium for publication of substantial and original papers, reviews, and short communications which focus on research and developments involving ionizing radiation in radiation physics, radiation chemistry and radiation processing. The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria. This could include papers that are very similar to previous publications, only with changed target substrates, employed materials, analyzed sites and experimental methods, report results without presenting new insights and/or hypothesis testing, or do not focus on the radiation effects.