Polarization-dependent direct laser nanostructuring of halide perovskites

Abstract

Laser ablation of halide perovskites is a powerful tool for precise nanopatterning and formation of various nanophotonic designs supporting unique optical properties or lasing. In this study, we investigate the polarization-dependent effects in femtosecond laser ablation of halide perovskites, providing experimental evidence of their non-symmetrical nanostructuring. Through systematic analysis supported by optical simulations, we demonstrate that the shape of the ablated craters evolving under multi-pulse irradiation exhibits a pronounced dependence on the laser polarization, leading to anisotropic material removal. Our simulations and experiments also reveal that the asymmetric energy deposition due to local redistribution of the absorbed laser energy profile plays a critical role during surface scanning by the laser beam, affecting the resulting track morphology. As a result, we justify the optimal nanostructuring regimes allowing the quasi-uniform and gear-shaped perovskite microdisks to imprint upon them supporting low-threshold lasing upon optical excitation. Our findings provide new insights into laser-matter interactions in halide perovskites and open possibilities for controlled laser nanostructuring of optoelectronic materials.