Histological differences between brachycephalic and normocephalic dog palatine tonsils

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105733

Isabella A. Smith , Philip A. Moses , William B. Moses , Jamie Fu , Xena Yap , Daniel McGilp , Michelle M. Story , Rachel Allavena

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Abstract

Objective

To compare the histological morphology of palatine tonsils from brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs.

Material and methods

Surgically resected palatine tonsils from 116 dogs undergoing corrective surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) were received from a veterinary specialist clinic. Control tonsils were opportunistically collected at autopsy from 11 normocephalic dogs that died of diseases unrelated to the upper respiratory tract. The tonsils were sectioned longitudinally and prepared using standard histological techniques. Digital microscopy was used to obtain standardised measurements of tonsillar epithelium and lymphoid follicles, and the means of these measurements were then compared between the two groups.

Results

Epithelial width and lymphoid follicle area were significantly greater for brachycephalic tonsils. Mean epithelium width was 48 % thicker (p < 0.0001) and mean lymphoid follicle area was 52 % larger (p = 0.0019) for brachycephalic tonsils compared to normocephalic controls. Inflammation, indicated by neutrophil migration within the epithelium, was found in 54 % of brachycephalic tonsils but was absent in controls (p = 0.0012).

Conclusions

Significant histopathological differences were found in brachycephalic palatine tonsils compared to normocephalic controls. Changes identified in brachycephalic tonsils included lymphoid and epithelial hyperplasia, and neutrophilic inflammation, which we postulate are secondary to airway irritation caused by BOAS. As these pathological changes in the tonsils are potentially reversible, we hypothesise that they may resolve if the primary BOAS abnormalities are surgically corrected, rendering tonsillectomy unnecessary. Therefore, further research is needed to understand how hyperplastic tonsillar tissue responds to correction of primary BOAS abnormalities, and if tonsillectomy is a necessary component of BOAS corrective surgery.

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短头犬与正常头犬腭扁桃体的组织学差异

目的比较短头犬和正常头犬腭扁桃体的组织学形态。材料与方法对116只因短头性阻塞性气道综合征（BOAS）接受矫正手术的犬进行手术切除的腭扁桃体。从11只死于与上呼吸道无关的疾病的正常头型犬的尸体解剖中收集对照扁桃体。扁桃体纵向切片，采用标准组织学技术制备。使用数字显微镜获得扁桃体上皮和淋巴滤泡的标准化测量，然后在两组之间比较这些测量的平均值。结果短头扁桃体上皮宽度和淋巴滤泡面积明显大于短头扁桃体。平均上皮宽度增厚48% (p <；0.0001)，短头扁桃体的平均淋巴滤泡面积比正常头对照组大52% （p = 0.0019）。54%的短头扁桃体存在炎症，表现为上皮内的中性粒细胞迁移，而对照组没有炎症（p = 0.0012）。结论与正常头型对照相比，短头型腭扁桃体在组织病理学上存在显著差异。在短头扁桃体中发现的变化包括淋巴样和上皮增生，以及中性粒细胞炎症，我们假设这是继发于BOAS引起的气道刺激。由于扁桃体的这些病理变化可能是可逆的，我们假设如果原发性BOAS异常得到手术纠正，它们可能会消失，从而使扁桃体切除术变得不必要。因此，需要进一步的研究来了解增殖性扁桃体组织对原发性BOAS异常矫正的反应，以及扁桃体切除术是否是BOAS矫正手术的必要组成部分。

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来源期刊

Research in veterinary science 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

312

审稿时长

75 days

期刊介绍： Research in Veterinary Science is an International multi-disciplinary journal publishing original articles, reviews and short communications of a high scientific and ethical standard in all aspects of veterinary and biomedical research. The primary aim of the journal is to inform veterinary and biomedical scientists of significant advances in veterinary and related research through prompt publication and dissemination. Secondly, the journal aims to provide a general multi-disciplinary forum for discussion and debate of news and issues concerning veterinary science. Thirdly, to promote the dissemination of knowledge to a broader range of professions, globally. High quality papers on all species of animals are considered, particularly those considered to be of high scientific importance and originality, and with interdisciplinary interest. The journal encourages papers providing results that have clear implications for understanding disease pathogenesis and for the development of control measures or treatments, as well as those dealing with a comparative biomedical approach, which represents a substantial improvement to animal and human health. Studies without a robust scientific hypothesis or that are preliminary, or of weak originality, as well as negative results, are not appropriate for the journal. Furthermore, observational approaches, case studies or field reports lacking an advancement in general knowledge do not fall within the scope of the journal.