Lipid profiling of Toxoplasma tachyzoites and the mouse host

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110526

Lijun Shi, Lin Liang, Wenchao Li, Cun Liu, Kun Han, Xinghui Zhao, Zhanzhong Zhao

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Abstract

Our understanding of lipids in Toxoplasma gondii and its host is incomplete. This study aimed to analyze phospholipids and sphingolipids in tachyzoites and mice. RH strain tachyzoites were cultured and purified. Models using BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tachyzoites or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were developed and evaluated. Samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. In tachyzoites, phospholipids [phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), oxidized PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS)], lysophospholipids (LPLs)[lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS)], fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolites [arachidonic acid (20:4 AA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 DHA), prostaglandins, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET)], were detected, suggesting de novo synthesis, PC oxidation, phospholipase action, and metabolism of FAs. Sphingolipids [ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM)] were also detected in the tachyzoites. In mice, the histopathological changes in the tissues and plasma, are thought to be associated with changes in phospholipids and sphingolipids at the local and circulating levels. These changes create a parasitized microenvironment for Toxoplasma gondii. Current evidence suggests that 16:0 20:4 PC, 16:0 22:6 PC, 18:0 22:6 PE, 16:0 22:6 PI, 22:6 DHA, d18:1 23:0 SM, 16:0 Cer and 16:0 cerebroside (16:0 Cb) are important as potential biomarkers and targets of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Overall, the comprehensive and comparative profiling of lipids in tachyzoites and the mouse host has been achieved, contributing to the understanding of Toxoplasma lipid biology and the exploration of strategies against toxoplasmosis.

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弓形虫速殖子与小鼠宿主的脂质谱分析

我们对刚地弓形虫及其宿主的脂质了解尚不完整。本研究旨在分析速殖子和小鼠体内磷脂和鞘脂。RH菌株速殖子的培养和纯化。以BALB/c和C57BL/6小鼠为模型，腹腔注射速殖子或四氯化碳（CCl4）。采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法（LC-MS-MS）对样品进行分析。速殖子中磷脂[磷脂酸（PA）、磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、氧化PC、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）、磷脂酰甘油（PG）、磷脂酰肌醇（PI）和磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）]、溶血磷脂（LPLs）[溶血磷脂酸（LPA）、溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）、溶血磷脂酰甘油（LPG）、溶血磷脂酰肌醇（LPI）和溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸（LysoPS）]、脂肪酸（FAs）及其代谢物[花生四烯酸（20:4 AA）、二十二碳六烯酸（22:6 DHA），检测到前列腺素、环氧二碳三烯酸（EET）和二羟基二碳三烯酸（DHET）]，提示有从头合成、PC氧化、磷脂酶作用和FAs代谢。速殖子中还检测到鞘磷脂[神经酰胺（Cer）和鞘磷脂（SM）]。在小鼠中，组织和血浆的组织病理学变化被认为与局部和循环水平的磷脂和鞘脂的变化有关。这些变化为刚地弓形虫创造了一个寄生的微环境。目前的证据表明，16:0 20:4 PC、16:0 22:6 PC、18:0 22:6 PE、16:0 22:6 PI、22:6 DHA、d18:1 23:0 SM、16:0 Cer和16:0脑苷（16:0 Cb）是弓形虫感染的重要潜在生物标志物和靶点。总的来说，快速殖子和小鼠宿主的脂质全面比较分析已经完成，有助于了解弓形虫脂质生物学和探索弓形虫病的治疗策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology 农林科学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

126

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： The journal Veterinary Parasitology has an open access mirror journal,Veterinary Parasitology: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. This journal is concerned with those aspects of helminthology, protozoology and entomology which are of interest to animal health investigators, veterinary practitioners and others with a special interest in parasitology. Papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites in all domesticated animals, fall within the scope of the journal. Papers of geographically limited (local) interest which are not of interest to an international audience will not be accepted. Authors who submit papers based on local data will need to indicate why their paper is relevant to a broader readership. Parasitological studies on laboratory animals fall within the scope of the journal only if they provide a reasonably close model of a disease of domestic animals. Additionally the journal will consider papers relating to wildlife species where they may act as disease reservoirs to domestic animals, or as a zoonotic reservoir. Case studies considered to be unique or of specific interest to the journal, will also be considered on occasions at the Editors'' discretion. Papers dealing exclusively with the taxonomy of parasites do not fall within the scope of the journal.