Collateral transitions. Reassembling societies, data centres and the twin transition

Abstract

The so-called ‘twin transition’ is the latest buzzword in the European Union’s (EU) policy discourse. It promotes digital technologies as privileged tools to achieve the ambitious goals of the European Green Deal. Much of the literature focuses on implementations of projects that are both ‘digital’ and ‘green’. By contrast, in this paper, we follow an emerging strand of research that takes the ‘twin transition’-discourse seriously as a (European) policy object. We expand this perspective by exploring how the ‘twin transition’-discourse was translated into two the vastly different political contexts of Austria and Ireland. Our argument is that the timing of this translation shapes the function it plays. In Ireland where the digital transition has already become a material reality in the form of increasingly controversial data centers, it becomes a justification that makes these data centers a part of the solution rather than an environmental problem. In Austria, which perceives itself as in need to catch up with regard to the digital transition, the discourse is shaped by data discussions around the COVID crisis and becomes embroiled in debates about the direction the digital transition should take. Our comparative approach renders visible the diverse environmental and societal consequences of the "twin transition", which we refer to as "collateral transitions." This challenges the language of two intertwining transitions. We argue that to properly assess the full impact of the ‘twin transition’ and its potentials, we need to attend to these underlying, unintended transitions.