A Simulator of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip on a Heterogeneous Strike-Slip Fault (HFQsim) With Static/Kinetic Friction and Temperature-Dependent Creep

IF 3.9 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Xiaoyu Zhou, Yehuda Ben-Zion
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Abstract

We develop an earthquake simulator to study the partitioning of seismic/aseismic slip and dynamics of Earthquakes on a Heterogeneous strike-slip Fault (HFQsim) using a generalized model of a discrete fault governed by static/dynamic friction and creep in an elastic half-space. Previous versions of the simulator were shown to produce various realistic seismicity patterns (e.g., frequency-magnitude event statistics, hypocenter and slip distributions, temporal occurrence) using friction levels and creep properties that vary in space but are fixed in time. The new simulator incorporates frictional heat generation by earthquake slip leading to temperature rises, subsequent diffusion cooling into the half space, and time-dependent creep on the fault. The model assumes a power law dependence of creep velocity on the local shear stress, with temperature-dependent coefficients based on the Arrhenius equation. Temperature rises due to seismic slip produce increased aseismic slip, which can lead to further stress concentrations, aftershocks, and heat generation in a feedback loop. The partitioning of seismic/aseismic slip and space-time evolution of seismicity are strongly affected by the temperature changes on the fault. The results are also affected significantly by the difference between the static and kinetic friction levels. The model produces realistic spatio-temporal distribution of seismicity, transient aseismic slip patterns, mainshock-aftershock sequences, and a bimodal distribution of earthquakes with background and clustered events similar to observations. The HFQsim may be used to clarify relations between fault properties and different features of seismicity and aseismic slip, and to improve the understanding of failure patterns preceding large earthquakes.

Abstract Image

具有静/动摩擦和温度相关蠕变的非均质走滑断层(HFQsim)地震和地震滑动模拟器
我们开发了一个地震模拟器来研究非均质走滑断层(HFQsim)上的地震/地震滑动分区和地震动力学,该地震模拟器采用弹性半空间中由静/动摩擦和蠕变控制的离散断层的广义模型。以前版本的模拟器已被证明可以使用摩擦水平和蠕变特性产生各种真实的地震活动模式(例如,频率-震级事件统计,震源和滑动分布,时间发生),这些摩擦水平和蠕变特性在空间上变化,但在时间上是固定的。新的模拟器结合了地震滑动产生的摩擦热,导致温度上升,随后扩散冷却到半空间,以及断层上的随时间蠕变。该模型假定蠕变速度与局部剪应力呈幂律关系,并根据Arrhenius方程具有温度相关系数。由于地震滑动引起的温度升高导致地震滑动增加,这可能导致进一步的应力集中、余震和反馈回路中的热量产生。地震/地震滑动的划分和地震活动性的时空演化受断层温度变化的强烈影响。结果还受到静摩擦和动摩擦水平之间差异的显著影响。该模型产生了真实的地震活动时空分布、瞬态地震滑动模式、主震-余震序列,以及具有与观测相似的背景和聚集事件的地震双峰分布。HFQsim可用于澄清断层性质与地震活动性和地震滑动的不同特征之间的关系,并提高对大地震前破坏模式的认识。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
15.40%
发文量
559
期刊介绍: The Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth serves as the premier publication for the breadth of solid Earth geophysics including (in alphabetical order): electromagnetic methods; exploration geophysics; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics, rheology, and plate kinematics; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; hydrogeophysics; Instruments, techniques, and models; solid Earth interactions with the cryosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and climate; marine geology and geophysics; natural and anthropogenic hazards; near surface geophysics; petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy; planet Earth physics and chemistry; rock mechanics and deformation; seismology; tectonophysics; and volcanology. JGR: Solid Earth has long distinguished itself as the venue for publication of Research Articles backed solidly by data and as well as presenting theoretical and numerical developments with broad applications. Research Articles published in JGR: Solid Earth have had long-term impacts in their fields. JGR: Solid Earth provides a venue for special issues and special themes based on conferences, workshops, and community initiatives. JGR: Solid Earth also publishes Commentaries on research and emerging trends in the field; these are commissioned by the editors, and suggestion are welcome.
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