Literary voyeurism between legitimacy and illegitimacy: The case of Lol V. Stein

Abstract

This study explores the concept of literary voyeurism as a complex phenomenon, involving the dynamics of observation, power, and ethical responsibility within literary narratives. Drawing on psychoanalytic frameworks from Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva, and Jean Bellemin-Noël, this study examines voyeurism not only as an act of observing but as a legitimate and illegitimate mechanism. This article distinguishes the ethical boundaries between the voyeurism of characters—marked by transgression and power imbalance—and that of the reader, positioned as legitimate observer who actively engages in the cocreation of the text. To illustrate these complexities, the study analyzes Marguerite Duras's The Ravishing of Lol V. Stein , a novel where voyeurism functions as both a narrative and thematic centerpiece. Through Lol's compulsive gaze at others and Jack Hold's controlling, voyeuristic narration, the text reveals layered interactions of observation, desire, and identity. Lol's voyeurism, driven by trauma, is contrasted with Jack Hold's manipulative gaze, which objectifies and redefines her within his narrative. Simultaneously, the reader is implicated in a layered voyeuristic act, observing not only the characters but also their acts of voyeurism. The discussion highlights the dual role of voyeurism in literature: as a means of exploring human desire and as a narrative tool that challenges the reader to reflect on his/her ethical engagement with fictional texts. By addressing these dynamics, the article provides insights into the broader implications of voyeurism in literature and its resonance with psychoanalytic and ethical discourse.