Managing retinoblastoma in 2025.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The management of retinoblastoma is an evolving field, with ongoing research focused on novel diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions. This review aims to summarize the current treatment options for retinoblastoma and explore future directions in the field.

Recent findings: Early diagnosis remains crucial for improving prognosis in retinoblastoma, as prompt identification significantly enhances treatment success. New diagnostic imaging strategies as well as prenatal testing are being developed to detect subclinical disease in high-risk patients, allowing for earlier intervention. Recurrent or refractory disease remains a challenge, but encouraging results have been observed with intravenous chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, and intravitreal chemotherapy as salvage therapies. Other strategies, including anterior chamber chemotherapy, novel drug formulations, and advanced delivery methods like sustained release chemotherapy in the form of a chemoplaque, are being explored to address these persistent challenges.

Summary: Significant progress in retinoblastoma treatment has led to a dramatic improvement in globe salvage rates. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Delayed diagnosis, particularly in low-income and middle-income regions, continues to contribute to reduced survival rates. Additionally, the management of advanced disease, as well as recurrent or refractory tumors, remain critical issues. The development of new drugs and delivery methods as well as modified treatment strategies offer promise in overcoming these obstacles.