Efficacy of Semaglutide Injection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Impact on C-Peptide Levels.

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating more effective therapeutic strategies. This study was to observe the impact of semaglutide on the C-Peptide levels and glycemic variability. This retrospective evaluation was conducted from January 2020 to January 2023 at our hospital, involving 172 patients diagnosed with T2DM. Patients were stratified into two groups: the observation group (86 patients) received semaglutide injections plus metformin, and the control group (86 patients) received only metformin. Treatment efficacy was assessed using changes in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h BG), and C-Peptide levels. Additional evaluations included changes in glycemic variability indicators such as standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), mean of daily differences (MODD), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). The observation group showed significantly greater improvements in glycemic control and C-Peptide levels compared to the control group. Specifically, the observation group achieved a significant reduction in HbA1c from 70 mmol/mol to 53 mmol/mol, FBG from 10.91 mmol/l to 6.12 mmol/l, and increased C-Peptide levels in both fasting and postprandial states. Improvements in glycemic variability were also more pronounced in the observation group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Semaglutide combined with metformin significantly enhances the efficacy of treatment in T2DM patients, with marked improvements in C-Peptide levels, glycemic control, and reduction in glycemic variability. This combination therapy not only offers superior glucose management but also appears to bolster pancreatic function.