Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Activities of Flower and Leaf Extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum.

Abstract

Chrysanthemum has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, and other pharmacological properties. However, there is little knowledge about the methanol-pharmaceutical activities of Chrysanthemum indicum leaves and flowers. This study is designed to assess the in vitro antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activities of C. indicum extracts. The flowers and leaves of C. indicum are extracted. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used to analyze the chemical components. The antioxidant activity is evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazine (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Cytotoxic effect against A549 cell line is identified. The antibacterial properties are evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity is detected and observed to be maximum at higher concentrations. The IC50 values of flowers and leaves are 77.19 ± 2.4 and 101.94 ± 2.34 μg mL^-1, respectively, in the DPPH method, whereas the ABTS assay shows 93.21 ± 3.42 and 98.22 ± 3.34 μg mL^-1, respectively. The flower extract has more cytotoxic activity than the leaves (P < 0.05). The IC50 values for flowers and leaves are 72.49 ± 3.14 and 102.54 ± 4.17 μg mL^-1, respectively. Furthermore, the flower and leaf extracts exhibit the most pronounced antibacterial activity. These results provide a strong basis for further research into its potential therapeutic uses as well as opportunities for the creation of natural pharmaceutical products.