Assembly of two-dimensional nanosheets of copper sulfide on nickel foam for high-efficiency energy storage applications: Exploring the effect of pH

Resources Chemicals and Materials Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI:10.1016/j.recm.2025.100119

Akashdeep Dey, Mahendra S. Gaikwad, S. Noyel Victoria

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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) CuS/Cu₉S₅ nanostructures are quite popular owing to their intriguing electrochemical properties. In-situ hydrothermal deposition of 2D CuS/Cu₉S₅ nanostructures on nickel foam at different pH was studied. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed two different stoichiometric forms, namely CuS and Cu₉S₅, in different proportions with a change in the synthesis pH. Morphological and compositional analysis exhibited a strong impact of pH on the CuS/Cu₉S₅ deposits. The samples prepared at pH 6.5 presented less agglomerated and densely distributed 2D nanosheets. Transmission electron microscopic studies under high resolution for the deposits synthesized at pH 6.5 showed hexagonal CuS and rhombohedral Cu₉S₅ particles of 32 nm average particle size. The electrochemical characterization of the samples for energy storage devices by cyclic voltammetry (CV) study revealed the specific capacitance from 1781 Fg⁻¹ to 1589 Fg⁻¹ at 10 mVs⁻¹. The findings of CV and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) analysis matched well. Rate capability studies showed the values between 72.9% and 50.24% at 7.5 Ag⁻¹ for various samples. The sample prepared at pH 6.5 exhibited 73.07% of its starting capacitance at 10 Ag⁻¹ after 2500 charging and discharging sequences. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy runs (EIS) showed the existence of two constant phase elements (CPE) in series and the relaxation time constants from 0.01 to 0.5 seconds, which are preferred for energy storing purposes. Symmetric supercapacitor device prepared from sample deposited at pH 6.5 displayed 29.16 Wh energy per kg of material and a power density of 900 W kg⁻¹, highlighting its suitability for high-efficiency energy storage applications.

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在泡沫镍上组装二维硫化铜纳米片用于高效储能：探讨pH值的影响

二维（2D） cu /Cu9S5纳米结构由于其有趣的电化学性质而非常受欢迎。研究了不同pH条件下cu /Cu9S5纳米结构在泡沫镍表面的原位水热沉积。x射线衍射分析证实了两种不同的化学计量形态，即cu和Cu9S5，其比例随合成pH的变化而变化。形貌和成分分析表明pH对cu /Cu9S5沉积有很强的影响。在pH 6.5条件下制备的样品呈现出较少团聚和密集分布的二维纳米片。高分辨率透射电镜研究表明，在pH 6.5条件下合成的cu和Cu9S5为六方体和菱形体，平均粒径为32 nm。利用循环伏安法（CV）对储能器件样品进行了电化学表征，结果表明，在10 mv−1下，样品的比电容为1781 ~ 1589 Fg−1。CV与恒流充放电（GCD）分析结果吻合较好。速率能力研究表明，在7.5 Ag−1条件下，不同样品的速率在72.9% ~ 50.24%之间。在pH 6.5条件下制备的样品经过2500次充放电后，在10 Ag−1条件下的初始电容为73.07%。电化学阻抗谱分析（EIS）表明，该材料存在两个串联的恒相元件（CPE），弛豫时间常数在0.01 ~ 0.5秒之间，具有较好的储能性能。以pH 6.5沉积的样品制备的对称超级电容器器件显示出每公斤材料29.16 Wh的能量和900 W kg - 1的功率密度，突出了其适用于高效储能应用。

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Resources Chemicals and Materials

CiteScore

4.20

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0.00%

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