Psychological methods and techniques for overcoming the emotional state of refugees (mothers, children, and adolescents) fleeing war

Abstract

Background

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has led to an unprecedented need for effective psychosocial support methods for refugees, most of whom are women and children.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematise the experience of psychosocial support professionals to create a comprehensive support system for Ukrainian refugees.

Method

Based on in-depth interviews with 30 experts working with refugees in Poland, Germany and Norway, the study examined the specifics of providing psychological assistance at different stages of adaptation.

Results

The study showed the dynamics of refugees’ psychological states during displacement: from the acute phase in the war zone, through the period of evacuation and arrival at a new place, to the stage of adaptation six months after resettlement. Experts identified methods of work at each stage and outlined nine main categories of psychological assistance. A comprehensive mentoring programme was developed, taking into account the specifics of working with different age groups and the socio-cultural characteristics of the host countries. Based on the analysis of expert experience, a structured system of psychological support for refugees was created, with specific recommendations on the use of various methods.

Conclusion

The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a training programme for specialists in the field of psychosocial assistance and the implementation of a differentiated approach to working with refugees at different stages of adaptation.