Recycling spent lithium ion batteries by flash joule heating: preferential lithium recovery and Li-phase conversion mechanism under ultra-temperature

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108433

Ao Shen , Jialiang Zhang , Yongqiang Chen , Chengyan Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial for sustainable renewable resources and environmental protection. Low lithium recovery efficiency and high energy consumption are the main problems in current recycling technologies for black mass of spent NCM batteries. This study innovatively applies flash joule heating (FJH) to preferentially recover lithium from industrial raw materials. We firstly revealed the Li-phase conversion behavior under nonequilibrium high temperature state. At the optimal FJH condition (1400 °C, 90 s), main Li-phases convert into Li₂O and Li₅AlO₄, while the transition metals reduce to elemental forms and low-valence oxides. The Li-phase conversion behavior and FJH characteristics matched excellently, enabling 91.8 % selectively lithium extraction by water. Ni, Co, and Mn are recovered via sulfuric acid leaching with over 98 % efficiencies. This innovative method offers a new pathway for recycling spent LIBs in both theory and technology, and extremely appealing for its energy conservation and high recovery efficiency.

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闪蒸焦耳加热回收废锂离子电池：超高温下锂优先回收及锂相转化机制

废旧锂离子电池的回收利用对可持续的可再生资源和环境保护至关重要。锂回收效率低、能耗高是目前废NCM电池黑堆回收技术存在的主要问题。本研究创新性地应用闪蒸焦耳加热（FJH）技术从工业原料中优先回收锂。我们首次揭示了锂在非平衡高温状态下的相变行为。在最佳FJH条件下（1400℃，90 s），主要li相转化为Li2O和Li5AlO4，过渡金属还原为单质形态和低价氧化物。锂相转化行为和FJH特性匹配良好，可实现91.8%的水选择性锂萃取。采用硫酸浸出法回收镍、钴和锰，效率在98%以上。该创新方法为废lib的回收利用提供了理论和技术上的新途径，其节能和高回收效率极具吸引力。

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来源期刊

Resources Conservation and Recycling 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

625

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Resources, Conservation & Recycling welcomes contributions from research, which consider sustainable management and conservation of resources. The journal prioritizes understanding the transformation processes crucial for transitioning toward more sustainable production and consumption systems. It highlights technological, economic, institutional, and policy aspects related to specific resource management practices such as conservation, recycling, and resource substitution, as well as broader strategies like improving resource productivity and restructuring production and consumption patterns. Contributions may address regional, national, or international scales and can range from individual resources or technologies to entire sectors or systems. Authors are encouraged to explore scientific and methodological issues alongside practical, environmental, and economic implications. However, manuscripts focusing solely on laboratory experiments without discussing their broader implications will not be considered for publication in the journal.