Lived Experiences of Older Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain and Implications on Their Daily Life: A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Research

Abstract

Objective

To synthesize and conceptualize the lived experiences of older adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) by systematically reviewing qualitative studies.

Data Sources

CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched from their inception years (1961, 1967, and 1996, respectively) to September 2023 to identify qualitative studies on the lived experiences of older adults with CLBP.

Study Selection

Eligible qualitative studies included published journal article with qualitative design and analysis, and participants aged ≥65 years with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) that lasted for over 3 months. Of 3669 citations screened, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction

Findings were analyzed using metasynthesis. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection and data extraction, and the methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research framework.

Data Synthesis

Six themes emerged from the analysis: (1) perceived causes of CLBP; (2) interference with daily living; (3) family dynamics; (4) social life; (5) emotional responses to CLBP; and (6) coping strategies. Collectively, CLBP negatively affected older adults’ personal, family, and social life to varying extents. Suboptimal LBP management could lead to negative emotions (eg, depression) and avoidance behaviors. Accepting and adapting to the presence of CLBP, along with a clear diagnosis of LBP, might promote self-management. Conversely, comorbidities and rumination might hinder self-management efforts.

Conclusions

Given that the acceptance (acknowledging and adapting to the pain) of CLBP improves self-management of pain in older adults, clinicians should pay attention to the concerns of older adults with CLBP, understand the negative effects of CLBP on them, and provide personalized education and management strategies to enhance their self-management and engagement in value-driven actions.