Molecular epigenetics in the transition of white to brown fat

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Pathology, research and practice Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2025.156073

Shatakshi Chaturvedi , Pankaj Chaturvedi , Prakash Chandra Gupta , Sudhir Kumar Awasthi , Anuradha Kalani

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Abstract

Obesity and related metabolic disorders represent a significant global health challenge. A promising therapeutic avenue involves fat browning, the conversion of energy-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) into thermogenic beige fat, which dissipates energy as heat. Since brown fat dissipates more energy than white fat it is commonly characterized by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and the expression of thermogenic genes to enhance energy expenditure. Although fat browning can have different mechanisms, this review focusses on epigenetic mechanisms that underline browning of fat. These epigenetic mechanisms comprise DNA methylation (DNMTs), histone modifications (HDACs, H3K27Me3) and non-coding RNA (miR133, miR26, miR34a) mediated regulation. These epigenetic mechanisms in turn are triggered by diet and exercise, environmental factors such as temperature, obesity and comorbidities such as diabetes and blood pressure. The triggered epigenetic mechanisms in turn trigger genes such as UCP1 which are associated with thermogenesis in adipocytes and hence fat browning. Brown/white fat communicate with neighbouring organs such as liver, heart, kidneys and blood vessels providing protective environment. This review highlights recent advances in the field, focusing on key epigenetic regulators and their impact on adipose tissue conversion and metabolic health.

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白色脂肪向棕色脂肪转变的分子表观遗传学

肥胖和相关代谢紊乱是一个重大的全球健康挑战。一种有前景的治疗途径涉及脂肪褐化，将储存能量的白色脂肪组织（WAT）转化为产热的米色脂肪，以热量的形式消耗能量。由于棕色脂肪比白色脂肪消耗更多的能量，它通常以线粒体生物发生增加和产热基因表达增加为特征，以增加能量消耗。虽然脂肪褐变可能有不同的机制，这篇综述侧重于强调脂肪褐变的表观遗传机制。这些表观遗传机制包括DNA甲基化（dnmt）、组蛋白修饰（hdac、H3K27Me3）和非编码RNA （miR133、miR26、miR34a）介导的调控。这些表观遗传机制依次由饮食和运动、温度、肥胖等环境因素以及糖尿病和血压等合并症触发。被触发的表观遗传机制反过来又触发了UCP1等基因，这些基因与脂肪细胞的产热和脂肪褐变有关。褐色/白色脂肪与邻近的器官如肝脏、心脏、肾脏和血管交流，提供保护环境。本文综述了该领域的最新进展，重点关注关键表观遗传调控因子及其对脂肪组织转化和代谢健康的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Pathology, research and practice 医学-病理学

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

3.60%

发文量

405

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： Pathology, Research and Practice provides accessible coverage of the most recent developments across the entire field of pathology: Reviews focus on recent progress in pathology, while Comments look at interesting current problems and at hypotheses for future developments in pathology. Original Papers present novel findings on all aspects of general, anatomic and molecular pathology. Rapid Communications inform readers on preliminary findings that may be relevant for further studies and need to be communicated quickly. Teaching Cases look at new aspects or special diagnostic problems of diseases and at case reports relevant for the pathologist''s practice.