Polyvinylidene Fluoride Mixed Matrix Membranes with Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Enhanced Desalination via Vacuum Membrane Distillation

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1021/acs.iecr.5c00876

Sara Pirayandeh, Romina Shirazi, Toraj Mohammadi, Maryam Ahmadzadeh Tofighy

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Abstract

Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) is a promising technique for water treatment, but its application is often limited by a low permeation flux. In this study, the performance of VMD membranes was enhanced by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. CNTs improved the mechanical strength and transport properties of the membranes, while BMIMPF6 enhanced nanoparticle dispersion and compatibility. Response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize the concentrations of PVDF, CNT-BMIMPF6, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the pore-forming agent. The optimized membrane, containing 16.50 wt % PVDF, 0.77 wt % CNT-BMIMPF6, and 2.91 wt % PEG 400, exhibited a high water contact angle (WCA) of 135.5°, enhanced permeation flux from 42.66 to 63.01 L/h/m², and improved salt rejection rate from 84.50 to 99.98%. Membranes’ structures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Structural analysis results revealed enhanced porosity, mechanical stability, and crystallinity, along with the formation of finger-like cavities. Increased crystallinity contributed to greater thermal resistance at a feed temperature of 70 °C. Overall, this study demonstrated that CNT-BMIMPF6 nanofillers significantly improve performance and structural properties of PVDF-based membranes, providing a valuable strategy for advancing VMD technologies.

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离子液体功能化碳纳米管聚偏氟乙烯混合基质膜：真空膜蒸馏强化海水淡化

真空膜蒸馏（VMD）是一种很有前途的水处理技术，但其应用往往受到低渗透通量的限制。在本研究中，通过将碳纳米管（CNTs）和离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸（BMIMPF6）掺入聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）基质中，提高了VMD膜的性能。CNTs提高了膜的机械强度和运输性能，而BMIMPF6增强了纳米颗粒的分散性和相容性。采用响应面法（RSM）优化PVDF、CNT-BMIMPF6和聚乙二醇（PEG）作为成孔剂的浓度。优化后的膜，PVDF含量为16.50 wt %， CNT-BMIMPF6含量为0.77 wt %， PEG 400含量为2.91 wt %，水接触角（WCA）为135.5°，渗透通量从42.66 L/h/m2提高到63.01 L/h/m2，阻盐率从84.50提高到99.98%。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对膜的结构进行了表征。结构分析结果显示孔隙度、机械稳定性和结晶度增强，并形成了手指状的空腔。在进料温度为70°C时，结晶度增加有助于提高耐热性。总的来说，本研究表明，CNT-BMIMPF6纳米填料显著改善了pvdf基膜的性能和结构特性，为推进VMD技术提供了有价值的策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.10%

发文量

1467

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： ndustrial & Engineering Chemistry, with variations in title and format, has been published since 1909 by the American Chemical Society. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research is a weekly publication that reports industrial and academic research in the broad fields of applied chemistry and chemical engineering with special focus on fundamentals, processes, and products.