Delayed skeletal maturation is a major contributor to child height deficits in a low-income setting.

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY

Annals of Human Biology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1080/03014460.2025.2510499

Liina Mansukoski, Barry Bogin, J Andres Galvez-Sobral, Luis Furlán, William Johnson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Studying the extent to which delayed skeletal maturation may contribute to childhood height deficits is important for assessing potential for recovery in heights.

Aim: To investigate the discrepancy in height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) based on chronological age (HAZ-CA) compared to bone age (HAZ-BA) and estimate proportion of HAZ deficits attributable to delayed maturation in both sexes.

Subjects and methods: Using the WHO Growth References, HAZ-CA and HAZ-BA were calculated for Guatemala City children aged 6-8.99 years participating in the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Longitudinal Study and attending a low or a very low SEP study school. A mixed effects model was developed to describe 1638 HAZ observations (Level 1) in 1107 children (Level 2) by HAZ-type, with interaction terms for HAZ-type by age, sex, school, and birth year.

Results: On average, skeletal age was delayed by 1.1 (SD 1.0) years. Mean HAZ-CA was -1.7 (0.9) and HAZ-BA -0.6 (0.9). Greater proportions of the total height deficit were attributable to delayed skeletal maturation in males (60-87%) versus females (49-63%), and at low- (58-87%) versus very low-SES school (49-71%).

Conclusion: Delayed maturation contributes to height deficits, supporting the idea that opportunity for catch-up growth continues past early childhood in both sexes.

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骨骼发育迟缓是低收入家庭儿童身高不足的主要原因。

背景：研究骨骼成熟延迟在多大程度上可能导致儿童身高缺陷，对于评估身高恢复的潜力非常重要。目的：研究基于实足年龄（HAZ- ca）的身高-年龄z分数（HAZ- ba）与基于骨年龄（HAZ- ba）的HAZ分数（HAZ- ca）的差异，并估计男女中由于延迟成熟而导致的HAZ缺陷的比例。对象和方法：使用WHO生长参考资料，计算危地马拉市参加危地马拉山谷大学纵向研究并就读于低或极低SEP研究学校的6-8.99岁儿童的HAZ-CA和HAZ-BA。建立了一个混合效应模型，以HAZ类型描述1107名儿童（2级）的1638个HAZ观察值（1级），并以年龄、性别、学校和出生年份作为HAZ类型的相互作用项。结果：骨龄平均延迟1.1年（SD 1.0）。平均HAZ-CA为-1.7 (0.9)，HAZ-BA为-0.6（0.9）。男性（60-87%）比女性（49-63%）更大比例的总身高缺陷可归因于骨骼成熟延迟，而低经济地位学校（58-87%）比非常低经济地位学校（49-71%）。结论：发育迟缓会导致身高不足，这支持了一种观点，即两性在童年早期之后仍有机会进行追赶性生长。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Human Biology 生物-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Annals of Human Biology is an international, peer-reviewed journal published six times a year in electronic format. The journal reports investigations on the nature, development and causes of human variation, embracing the disciplines of human growth and development, human genetics, physical and biological anthropology, demography, environmental physiology, ecology, epidemiology and global health and ageing research.