{"title":"Pericytes in castration-resistant prostate cancer associated with disease progression and immunotherapy response: insights from single-cell analysis.","authors":"Yifeng Qiu, Yuhan Wang, Jiahe Liu, Kai Sun, Shigeo Horie, Zhitong Bing, Qi Hou","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03838-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current immunotherapeutic strategies yield limited therapeutic benefits in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to its immunologically \"cold\" tumor milieu. Pericytes play a pivotal role in facilitating metastatic dissemination and modulating immune response in malignancies. Our investigation is designed to decipher the biological effects of pericytes on CRPC and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We leveraged single-cell transcriptomics and immunofluorescence staining to ascertain the presence and spatial distribution of pericytes in prostate cancer (PCa). Subsequently, we thoroughly delineated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the CRPC-pericytes subpopulation. The clinical and prognostic significance of CRPC-pericytes was assessed by employing several bulk RNA-seq and microarray datasets. Additionally, we examined the association between the abundance of CRPC-pericytes and immunological features in the PCa microenvironment. Furthermore, the RM-1 subcutaneous tumor model was leveraged to assess the synergistic efficacy of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling inhibition in conjunction with immunotherapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We discerned pericytes according to their marker genes and observed the α-SMA-positive pericytes encircling the vasculature in PCa and adjacent normal tissues. In the CRPC-pericytes subpopulation, a pronounced upregulation of PDGF signaling and angiogenesis was observed, whereas antitumor immunity-related pathways were suppressed. In addition, CRPC-pericytes displayed notably enhanced interactions with endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and myeloid cells, compared to PCa-pericytes. Patients with elevated prevalence of CRPC-pericytes exhibited notably reduced recurrence-free survival and unresponsiveness to immunotherapeutic interventions. Moreover, CRPC-pericytes were positively associated with immunosuppressive properties of the TME. Notably, combinatorial application of PDGFR inhibitor and anti-PD-1 therapy elicited substantial synergistic antitumor effects in murine PCa models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our investigation uncovers a CRPC-pericytes subpopulation implicated in cancer progression and immunosuppression, suggesting that therapies targeting the phenotypic transition of pericytes could act synergistically with immunotherapeutic regimens to improve survival rates in CRPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"200"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135593/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cancer Cell International","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03838-3","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The current immunotherapeutic strategies yield limited therapeutic benefits in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to its immunologically "cold" tumor milieu. Pericytes play a pivotal role in facilitating metastatic dissemination and modulating immune response in malignancies. Our investigation is designed to decipher the biological effects of pericytes on CRPC and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment.
Methods: We leveraged single-cell transcriptomics and immunofluorescence staining to ascertain the presence and spatial distribution of pericytes in prostate cancer (PCa). Subsequently, we thoroughly delineated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the CRPC-pericytes subpopulation. The clinical and prognostic significance of CRPC-pericytes was assessed by employing several bulk RNA-seq and microarray datasets. Additionally, we examined the association between the abundance of CRPC-pericytes and immunological features in the PCa microenvironment. Furthermore, the RM-1 subcutaneous tumor model was leveraged to assess the synergistic efficacy of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling inhibition in conjunction with immunotherapeutic interventions.
Results: We discerned pericytes according to their marker genes and observed the α-SMA-positive pericytes encircling the vasculature in PCa and adjacent normal tissues. In the CRPC-pericytes subpopulation, a pronounced upregulation of PDGF signaling and angiogenesis was observed, whereas antitumor immunity-related pathways were suppressed. In addition, CRPC-pericytes displayed notably enhanced interactions with endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and myeloid cells, compared to PCa-pericytes. Patients with elevated prevalence of CRPC-pericytes exhibited notably reduced recurrence-free survival and unresponsiveness to immunotherapeutic interventions. Moreover, CRPC-pericytes were positively associated with immunosuppressive properties of the TME. Notably, combinatorial application of PDGFR inhibitor and anti-PD-1 therapy elicited substantial synergistic antitumor effects in murine PCa models.
Conclusion: Our investigation uncovers a CRPC-pericytes subpopulation implicated in cancer progression and immunosuppression, suggesting that therapies targeting the phenotypic transition of pericytes could act synergistically with immunotherapeutic regimens to improve survival rates in CRPC.
期刊介绍：
Cancer Cell International publishes articles on all aspects of cancer cell biology, originating largely from, but not limited to, work using cell culture techniques.
The journal focuses on novel cancer studies reporting data from biological experiments performed on cells grown in vitro, in two- or three-dimensional systems, and/or in vivo (animal experiments). These types of experiments have provided crucial data in many fields, from cell proliferation and transformation, to epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, to apoptosis, and host immune response to tumors.
Cancer Cell International also considers articles that focus on novel technologies or novel pathways in molecular analysis and on epidemiological studies that may affect patient care, as well as articles reporting translational cancer research studies where in vitro discoveries are bridged to the clinic. As such, the journal is interested in laboratory and animal studies reporting on novel biomarkers of tumor progression and response to therapy and on their applicability to human cancers.
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