The Influence of Age and Gender on Forehead Soft Tissue Thickness: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study.

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 SURGERY

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1007/s00266-025-04957-y

Cagri Cakmakoglu, Grzegorz Kwiecien, Layne N Raborn, James R Gatherwright, Addison Barnett, Marjorie Kragel, Pierce L Janssen, James E Zins

{"title":"The Influence of Age and Gender on Forehead Soft Tissue Thickness: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study.","authors":"Cagri Cakmakoglu, Grzegorz Kwiecien, Layne N Raborn, James R Gatherwright, Addison Barnett, Marjorie Kragel, Pierce L Janssen, James E Zins","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04957-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Variations in soft tissue thickness related to age and gender are clinically significant for addressing facial aging and planning esthetic interventions. Previous studies have assessed skin thickness using various methods, including ultrasonography and biopsies, but data specifically examining forehead soft tissue thickness by age and gender are limited.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of age and gender on forehead soft tissue thickness using MRI, a non-invasive modality that provides excellent contrast resolution and reliable measurements.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 160 Caucasian adults (80 females, 80 males) aged 20-99 years, grouped by decade. We measured midline and lateral forehead soft tissue thickness in the sagittal plane on T1-weighted MRI sections, from skin to external cortical lamina, in the lower, middle, and upper thirds. Statistical analyses were performed using factorial ANOVA to assess the impact of age and gender.Results: Males had significantly greater forehead soft tissue thickness than females at all ages and across most regions. Notable differences were observed in the midline (5.4 mm in males vs. 5.0 mm in females; p = 0.043) and in the lower third of the lateral forehead (9.4 mm in males vs. 8.6 mm in females; p = 0.008). Thickness increased from the third to the fifth decade, peaking between ages 40-49, then declining in later decades, particularly in the lower third.Conclusion: Forehead soft tissue thickness varies significantly by age and gender, highlighting the importance of considering these differences in planning esthetic procedures for optimal outcomes.Level of evidence iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04957-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SURGERY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Variations in soft tissue thickness related to age and gender are clinically significant for addressing facial aging and planning esthetic interventions. Previous studies have assessed skin thickness using various methods, including ultrasonography and biopsies, but data specifically examining forehead soft tissue thickness by age and gender are limited.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of age and gender on forehead soft tissue thickness using MRI, a non-invasive modality that provides excellent contrast resolution and reliable measurements.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 160 Caucasian adults (80 females, 80 males) aged 20-99 years, grouped by decade. We measured midline and lateral forehead soft tissue thickness in the sagittal plane on T1-weighted MRI sections, from skin to external cortical lamina, in the lower, middle, and upper thirds. Statistical analyses were performed using factorial ANOVA to assess the impact of age and gender.

Results: Males had significantly greater forehead soft tissue thickness than females at all ages and across most regions. Notable differences were observed in the midline (5.4 mm in males vs. 5.0 mm in females; p = 0.043) and in the lower third of the lateral forehead (9.4 mm in males vs. 8.6 mm in females; p = 0.008). Thickness increased from the third to the fifth decade, peaking between ages 40-49, then declining in later decades, particularly in the lower third.

Conclusion: Forehead soft tissue thickness varies significantly by age and gender, highlighting the importance of considering these differences in planning esthetic procedures for optimal outcomes.

Level of evidence iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

查看原文本刊更多论文

年龄和性别对前额软组织厚度的影响：基于磁共振成像的研究。

背景：与年龄和性别相关的软组织厚度变化对于解决面部老化和计划美学干预具有临床意义。以前的研究使用各种方法评估皮肤厚度，包括超声检查和活组织检查，但根据年龄和性别专门检查前额软组织厚度的数据有限。目的：本研究旨在探讨年龄和性别对前额软组织厚度的影响，MRI是一种无创的方式，提供了出色的对比度分辨率和可靠的测量。方法：我们对160例年龄在20-99岁的白种人成年人（80名女性，80名男性）进行回顾性分析，按年龄分组。我们测量了t1加权MRI切片矢状面中线和外侧前额软组织厚度，从皮肤到外皮层层，下、中、上三分之一。统计分析采用因子方差分析来评估年龄和性别的影响。结果：在所有年龄和大多数地区，男性的前额软组织厚度明显大于女性。在中线观察到显著差异(男性5.4 mm对女性5.0 mm；P = 0.043)和前额外侧的下三分之一(男性9.4 mm对女性8.6 mm；P = 0.008)。从第3到第5个十年，厚度增加，在40-49岁之间达到峰值，然后在以后的几十年里下降，特别是在第3个十年。结论：前额软组织厚度因年龄和性别的不同而有显著差异，突出了在规划美学程序时考虑这些差异以获得最佳结果的重要性。证据等级iv：本刊要求作者为每篇文章指定一个证据等级。有关这些循证医学评级的完整描述，请参阅目录或在线作者说明www.springer.com/00266。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 医学-外科

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

25.00%

发文量

479

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Aesthetic Plastic Surgery is a publication of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and the official journal of the European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (EASAPS), Società Italiana di Chirurgia Plastica Ricostruttiva ed Estetica (SICPRE), Vereinigung der Deutschen Aesthetisch Plastischen Chirurgen (VDAPC), the Romanian Aesthetic Surgery Society (RASS), Asociación Española de Cirugía Estética Plástica (AECEP), La Sociedad Argentina de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reparadora (SACPER), the Rhinoplasty Society of Europe (RSE), the Iranian Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeons (ISPAS), the Singapore Association of Plastic Surgeons (SAPS), the Australasian Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS), the Egyptian Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ESPRS), and the Sociedad Chilena de Cirugía Plástica, Reconstructiva y Estética (SCCP). Aesthetic Plastic Surgery provides a forum for original articles advancing the art of aesthetic plastic surgery. Many describe surgical craftsmanship; others deal with complications in surgical procedures and methods by which to treat or avoid them. Coverage includes "second thoughts" on established techniques, which might be abandoned, modified, or improved. Also included are case histories; improvements in surgical instruments, pharmaceuticals, and operating room equipment; and discussions of problems such as the role of psychosocial factors in the doctor-patient and the patient-public interrelationships. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery is covered in Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, SciSearch, Research Alert, Index Medicus-Medline, and Excerpta Medica/Embase.