Photocatalytic degradation of fluoxetine mediated by CuO/CuWO4 nanostructures

IF 5.5 3区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI:10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106215

Laura Cristina Isabel Fonseca Becerra , João Otávio Donizette Malafatti , Elaine Cristina Paris , Miryam Rincón Joya , Ailton Jose Moreira , Roberta Yonara Nascimento Reis , Juliana B. Lima , Carlos Arturo Parra Vargas , Angela Mercedes Raba Páez

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Photocatalytic activity of the CuO and CuWO₄, and heterostructured based in these has been thoroughly investigated however, the Fluoxetine (FLX) degradation has not been widely explored for CuO/CuWO₄ with the novel and economical synthesis method proposed in this work.

Methods

Four materials were produced by the co-precipitation method CuO, 100Cu/2W, 100Cu/6W, and CuWO₄; 100Cu/2W and 100Cu/6W corresponding to the CuO/CuWO₄ heterostructure according morphological and optical results.

Significant Findings

Degradation profile of FLX of 100Cu/6W and CuWO₄ samples showed the lowest removal over time, while the CuO and 100Cu/2W samples showed the best performances up to 30 min under UV-C light. For the 100Cu/2W sample (CuO/CuWO₄ heterostructure), the kinetic constant value was 82.3×10⁻² min⁻¹, which confirms its superiority for FLX degradation. CuWO₄ (E_g = 2.70 eV) can retain the lower energy photons and after new photon absorption, transfer the e⁻ to CuO (E_g = 3.71 eV). Furthermore, the characterization results show that the 100Cu/2W heterostructure has E_g, S_BET_, and particle size values intermediate between CuO and CuWO₄, contributing to its better performance. Additionally, for all the materials TFMP, PPMA, and TP formation was confirmed in the first minutes of degradation. These new compounds can interact with the photocatalyst and block photocatalytic sites however, the performance of 100Cu/2W was maintained throughout the degradation time, confirming its photoactivity even in a more complex mixture containing FLX and its transformation products. The recyclability of 100Cu/2W for FLX degradation at 30 min was investigated; FLX removal increases to over 95% and is maintained until the last degradation cycle, confirming the potential of CuO/CuWO₄ for application in water treatment processes. Additionally, mass spectrometry analyses were carried out for the sample subjected to photocatalytic degradation in 30 min in the presence of 100Cu/2W. There, six transformation products (TP) were identified in the sample, confirming that the degradation mechanisms of FLX involve different routes.

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CuO/CuWO4纳米结构介导的氟西汀光催化降解

CuO和CuWO4及其异质结构基的光催化活性已经得到了深入的研究，然而，本文提出的新颖经济的合成方法尚未广泛探索CuO/CuWO4对氟西汀（FLX）的降解。方法采用共沉淀法制备CuO、100Cu/2W、100Cu/6W和CuWO4四种材料；根据形貌和光学结果，100Cu/2W和100Cu/6W分别对应CuO/CuWO4异质结构。随着时间的推移，100Cu/6W和CuWO4样品的FLX去除率最低，而CuO和100Cu/2W样品的FLX去除率在UV-C光下达到30 min时表现最佳。对于100Cu/2W样品（CuO/CuWO4异质结构），动力学常数值为82.3×10−2 min−1，证实了其降解FLX的优越性。CuWO4 （Eg = 2.70 eV）可以保留较低能量的光子，并在新光子吸收后将e−转移到CuO （Eg = 3.71 eV）。此外，表征结果表明，100Cu/2W异质结构具有Eg、SBET和介于CuO和CuWO4之间的粒径值，从而使其具有更好的性能。此外，所有材料的TFMP， PPMA和TP的形成在降解的前几分钟被证实。这些新化合物可以与光催化剂相互作用并阻断光催化位点，但在整个降解时间内保持100Cu/2W的性能，即使在含有FLX及其转化产物的更复杂的混合物中也证实了其光活性。研究了100Cu/2W降解FLX 30 min的可回收性；FLX去除率提高到95%以上，并保持到最后一个降解周期，证实了CuO/CuWO4在水处理工艺中的应用潜力。此外，在100Cu/2W存在下，对30 min光催化降解的样品进行质谱分析。在样品中鉴定出6种转化产物（TP），证实了FLX的降解机制涉及不同的途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

14.00%

发文量

362

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (formerly known as Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers) publishes original works, from fundamental principles to practical applications, in the broad field of chemical engineering with special focus on three aspects: Chemical and Biomolecular Science and Technology, Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, and Materials Science and Technology. Authors should choose for their manuscript an appropriate aspect section and a few related classifications when submitting to the journal online.