Awareness of breast cancer and breast screening methods among undergraduate female students from government universities in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Introduction

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in Sri Lanka, with over 3000 new cases reported annually and a mortality rate of approximately 4.7 per 100,000 women. This study evaluated breast cancer awareness among female undergraduates from various government universities in Sri Lanka, focusing on knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, screening methods and preventive behaviours.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1002 female undergraduates, aged 20–28 years, from 12 government universities in Sri Lanka. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data including demographic char-acteristics, awareness of breast cancer and its risk factors, and screening methods. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were employed to analyse variations in knowledge across faculties and age groups.

Results

The survey revealed that 98.7 % of respondents were aware of breast cancer. However, only 61.2 % recognised it as one of the most common cancers among women. Awareness of breast cancer screening methods revealed that the majority (54.5 %) were unaware of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), and only 42 % recognised the importance of mammograms even in the absence of symptoms. Knowledge scores varied by academic disciplines, with Health Sciences and Natural and Applied Sciences showing highest awareness. Additionally, awareness increased with age, peaking in the 26–28 years group compared to younger age groups.

Conclusion

The findings reveal significant knowledge gaps among female undergraduates regarding breast cancer risk factors and the importance of breast screening methods. Despite awareness, understanding of early detection methods is insufficient, highlighting the need for better education on preventive behaviours.

Implications for practice

Targeted educational programmes are essential to enhance breast cancer awareness, improve screening access, and encourage proactive behaviours such as self-examinations to enhance early detection and improve survival rates.