The positive influences of shell printing on the sintering densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of binder jetting 316 L stainless steel

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI:10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113595

Ming-Wei Wu , Yi-Kai Huang , Ming-Hsiang Ku , Yun-Lin Tsai , Po-Han Chen , Shun-Te Chen , Yuh-Ru Wang , Hsuan-Lun Huang

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Abstract

Binder jetting (BJ) is a versatile additive manufacturing (AM) process for various metallic materials. Unfortunately, the residual pores after debinding and sintering deteriorate the performance of BJ materials. In this study, the influences of shell printing on the sintering densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of BJ 316 L stainless steel were investigated to develop an effective means of enhancing the performance of BJ 316 L. Moreover, the effects of the position of the tensile specimens in the powder bed in relation to the building direction Z (0°XY, 45°, and 90°YZ) on BJ 316 L were also studied.

The results indicated that whether or not shell printing was used, the building direction did not obviously affect the sintered density, microstructure, or mechanical properties of BJ 316 L. In the 90°-built samples, shell printing slightly increased the sintered density from 7.83 g/cm³ to 7.91 g/cm³, decreased the porosity from 0.68 % to 0.20 %, increased the amount of δ-ferrite from 0.6 % to 3.0 %, and increased the grain size from 55.8 μm to 58.4 μm. Moreover, the ultimate tensile strengths and elongations of BJ 316 L ranged from 524 MPa to 563 MPa and from 78 % to 87 %, respectively. Shell printing did not improve the tensile properties. However, shell printing significantly improved the impact energy by 43 % because impact energy is extremely sensitive to porosity. BJ 316 L with superior tensile properties and impact toughness can be successfully obtained with shell printing.

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壳体印刷对316l不锈钢粘结剂喷射烧结致密化、显微组织和力学性能的积极影响

粘结剂喷射（BJ）是一种多功能的增材制造（AM）工艺，可用于各种金属材料。遗憾的是，脱粘和烧结后的残余孔隙会降低BJ材料的性能。本研究通过壳印对bj316 L不锈钢烧结致密化、显微组织和力学性能的影响进行了研究，为bj316 L的性能提供了有效的提高手段。此外，还研究了拉伸试样在粉末床中的位置相对于制造方向Z（0°XY、45°和90°YZ）对bj316 L的影响。结果表明：无论是否采用壳型打印，壳型打印对bj316 l的烧结密度、显微组织和力学性能均无明显影响。在90°构建的样品中，壳型打印使烧结密度从7.83 g/cm3略微提高到7.91 g/cm3，孔隙率从0.68%降低到0.20%，δ-铁素体含量从0.6%增加到3.0%，晶粒尺寸从55.8 μm增加到58.4 μm。bj316l的极限拉伸强度和延伸率分别为524 ~ 563 MPa和78% ~ 87%。壳印刷没有改善拉伸性能。然而，由于冲击能对孔隙度极为敏感，壳印刷显著提高了43%的冲击能。bj316l具有优异的拉伸性能和冲击韧性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Materials Research Bulletin 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

372

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Materials Research Bulletin is an international journal reporting high-impact research on processing-structure-property relationships in functional materials and nanomaterials with interesting electronic, magnetic, optical, thermal, mechanical or catalytic properties. Papers purely on thermodynamics or theoretical calculations (e.g., density functional theory) do not fall within the scope of the journal unless they also demonstrate a clear link to physical properties. Topics covered include functional materials (e.g., dielectrics, pyroelectrics, piezoelectrics, ferroelectrics, relaxors, thermoelectrics, etc.); electrochemistry and solid-state ionics (e.g., photovoltaics, batteries, sensors, and fuel cells); nanomaterials, graphene, and nanocomposites; luminescence and photocatalysis; crystal-structure and defect-structure analysis; novel electronics; non-crystalline solids; flexible electronics; protein-material interactions; and polymeric ion-exchange membranes.