Automotive PEM fuel cell catalyst layer degradation mechanisms and characterisation techniques, Part II: Platinum degradation

Abstract

This review comprehensively examines the recent research on platinum catalyst degradation in polymer exchange membrane fuel cells within the context of automotive applications. The noble platinum catalyst is the most expensive component in a fuel cell that is prone to degradation, which poses a significant barrier to the commercialisation of the fuel cell technology. Understanding the fundamentals of the underlying degradation mechanisms is crucial towards achieving long-term durability and performance. This review presents a thorough analysis and critics on the major degradation issues related to platinum catalyst including platinum dissolution, platinum growth, platinum loss and migration, and platinum poisoning. A different perspective, from both kinetic and thermodynamic standpoints is employed to elucidate the complex degradation processes, offering a clear understanding of degradation pathways and reaction kinetics. Additionally, emphasis is placed on the key material and operational factors that influence catalyst loss, while also addressing strategies for mitigating this type of degradation. Furthermore, the topic of degradation quantification through the use of advanced characterisation techniques is discussed. Finally, limitations in the current state of research is presented together with future prospects.