Role of the TLR4 pathway in the development of chronic suppurative otitis media

IF 0.7 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Human Gene Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI:10.1016/j.humgen.2025.201433

Jagadisha Tavarekere Venkataravanappa , Venkateswarlu Raavi , Sharath Balakrishna , Prasad Kothegala Chendrashekaraiah , Sridevi Prabhakara Gowda , Ashok Dhayalan , Arun Kumar Sreeramulu , Saraswathi Saraswathi , Austin Richard Surendranath

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Abstract

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a debilitating chronic ear condition characterized by inflammation and infection in the middle ear. Recent research has shed light on the crucial role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in mediating inflammation in CSOM and its association with disease pathogenesis. This review explores the role of the TLR4 pathway in CSOM, encompassing its gene expression, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, we discussed the role of the TLR4 pathway in other chronic inflammatory diseases, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets. While the involvement of TLR4 in CSOM and related conditions is well-documented, there remain substantial gaps in our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This review not only highlights the current state of knowledge but also emphasizes the areas for future research in the field of otology and immunology.

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TLR4通路在慢性化脓性中耳炎发展中的作用

慢性化脓性中耳炎（CSOM）是一种以中耳炎症和感染为特征的慢性耳部疾病。最近的研究揭示了toll样受体4 （TLR4）在介导CSOM炎症及其与疾病发病机制的关联中的关键作用。本文综述了TLR4通路在CSOM中的作用，包括其基因表达、单核苷酸多态性和炎症细胞因子。此外，我们还讨论了TLR4通路在其他慢性炎症性疾病中的作用，为潜在的治疗靶点提供了见解。虽然TLR4参与CSOM和相关疾病已被充分记录，但我们对潜在分子机制的了解仍存在实质性差距。本文综述了耳科和免疫学领域的研究现状，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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