Total sodium replacement by calcium in trimetaphosphate and its incorporation into dental whitening gels: A novel strategy for in-office treatment

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105861

Ana Vitória Pereira Fernandes, Gabriel Pereira Nunes, Lara Oliveira Ribeiro Urzedo, Priscila Toninatto Alves de Toledo, Tamires Passadori Martins, Renata de Oliveira Alves, Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to synthesize a cyclophosphate with total sodium replacement (CaTMP) and to evaluate, in vitro, its incorporation into hydrogen peroxide (HP) whitening gels.

Materials and Methods

CaTMP was synthesized through column chromatography using ion-exchange resin and calcium hydroxide solution. Bovine enamel/dentin discs (n = 150) were divided into five groups: 1) negative control (no treatment), 2) 35 % HP whitening gel (positive control), 3) 35 % HP + 1 % CaTMP, 4) 17.5 % HP, and 5) 17.5 % HP + 1 % CaTMP. Whitening gels were applied weekly for three 40-minute sessions. Color change was measured using ΔE, ΔWI_D, and ΔE₀₀. Transamelodentinal HP diffusion was determined, as well the mineral content of dental substrates by μ-CT (g_HAp × cm⁻³ × µm). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05).

Results

All whitening gels caused significant color changes (p < 0.001), with no differences between groups in ΔE, ΔE₀₀, and ΔWI_D (p > 0.05). The highest transamelodentinal HP diffusion occurred in the 35 % HP group (p < 0.001), but adding 1 % CaTMP reduced this diffusion in both HP concentrations (p < 0.05), with a greater reduction in the 17.5 % HP gel. Conventional gels (17.5 % and 35 % HP) caused greater mineral loss (g_HAp × cm⁻³ × µm), while CaTMP protected against these changes.

Conclusions

Incorporating 1 % CaTMP into whitening gels (17.5 % and 35 % HP) significantly reduced HP diffusion and preserved the mineral content of enamel and dentin, while providing whitening results similar to conventional gels.

Clinical relevance

CaTMP may act as a protective agent against peroxide-induced oxidative damage in dental tissues. While these findings are based on in vitro data, they support a promising direction for future translational research aimed at enhancing the safety and effectiveness of in-office whitening procedures.

Abstract Image

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总钙离子替代钠在三磷酸及其纳入牙齿美白凝胶：一种新的策略，在办公室治疗。

目的：本研究的目的是合成一种总钠替代环磷酸（CaTMP），并在体外评价其与过氧化氢（HP）美白凝胶的结合。材料与方法：以离子交换树脂和氢氧化钙溶液为原料，采用柱层析法合成CaTMP。牛牙釉质/牙本质盘（n = 150）分为5组：1)阴性对照组（未处理），2)35% HP美白凝胶（阳性对照组），3)35% HP + 1% CaTMP, 4) 17.5% HP, 5) 17.5% HP + 1% CaTMP。每周使用三次美白凝胶，每次40分钟。使用ΔEab， ΔWID和ΔE00测量颜色变化。通过μ-CT （gHAp × cm-3 × µm）测定牙釉质牙釉质基质中HP的扩散和矿物质含量。数据分析采用方差分析和Student-Newman-Keuls检验（p < 0.05）。结果：所有美白凝胶均引起显着的颜色变化（p < 0.001）， ΔE、ΔE00、ΔWID组间差异无统计学意义（p < 0.05）。35% HP组的HP扩散最高（p < 0.001），但添加1%的CaTMP降低了两种HP浓度下的HP扩散（p < 0.05），其中17.5% HP凝胶的扩散幅度更大。传统凝胶（17.5%和35% HP）造成更大的矿物质损失（gHAp × cm-3 × µm），而CaTMP可以防止这些变化。结论：加入1% CaTMP美白凝胶（17.5% HP和35% HP）可显著降低HP扩散，保留牙釉质和牙本质矿物质含量，美白效果与常规凝胶相似。临床意义：CaTMP可能作为一种保护剂，防止过氧化物引起的牙组织氧化损伤。虽然这些发现是基于体外数据，但它们为未来的转化研究提供了一个有希望的方向，旨在提高办公室美白程序的安全性和有效性。

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来源期刊

Journal of dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

11.40%

发文量

349

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Dentistry has an open access mirror journal The Journal of Dentistry: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The Journal of Dentistry is the leading international dental journal within the field of Restorative Dentistry. Placing an emphasis on publishing novel and high-quality research papers, the Journal aims to influence the practice of dentistry at clinician, research, industry and policy-maker level on an international basis. Topics covered include the management of dental disease, periodontology, endodontology, operative dentistry, fixed and removable prosthodontics, dental biomaterials science, long-term clinical trials including epidemiology and oral health, technology transfer of new scientific instrumentation or procedures, as well as clinically relevant oral biology and translational research. The Journal of Dentistry will publish original scientific research papers including short communications. It is also interested in publishing review articles and leaders in themed areas which will be linked to new scientific research. Conference proceedings are also welcome and expressions of interest should be communicated to the Editor.