In-ice Askaryan emission from air showers: Implications for radio neutrino detectors

IF 2.9 3区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Alan Coleman , Christian Glaser , Ryan Rice-Smith , Steven Barwick , Dave Besson
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Abstract

One of the most promising techniques for detecting ultra-high energy neutrinos involves the use of radio antennas to observe the 10–1000 MHz radiation generated by the showers that neutrinos induce in large volumes of ice. The expected neutrino detection rates of one neutrino or less per detector station per 10 years make the characterization of backgrounds a priority. The largest natural background comes from ultra-high energy cosmic rays which are orders of magnitude more abundant than neutrinos. Particularly crucial is the understanding of geometries in which substantial energy of the cosmic-ray-induced air shower is deposited in the ice giving rise to a compact in-ice shower close to the ice surface. We calculated the radio emission of air-shower cores using the novel CORSIKA 8 code and found it to be similar to the predictions for neutrino-induced showers. For the first time, we calculated the detection rates for O(100 m) deep antennas yielding 10–100 detections per year and detector station, which makes this a useful calibration source as these downward-going signals can be differentiated from neutrino-induced showers based on the signal arrival direction. However, the presence of reflection layers in the ice confuses the arrival directions, which makes this a potentially important background. We review the existing information on reflecting layers in the South Pole glacier and, for the first time, quantify the corresponding rate of reflected air-shower signals for the proposed IceCube-Gen2 radio array and discuss mitigation strategies. The reflectivity of the layers is the dominant uncertainty resulting in rate predictions of much less than one detection to several detections per year for IceCube-Gen2 if not mitigated.
在冰内的阿斯卡良发射的空气阵雨:对射电中微子探测器的启示
探测超高能量中微子最有前途的技术之一是使用无线电天线来观察中微子在大量冰中引起的阵雨产生的10-1000兆赫辐射。预计每10年每个探测器站的中微子探测率为一个或更少,这使得背景表征成为优先事项。最大的自然背景来自超高能量宇宙射线,它比中微子要丰富得多。尤其重要的是对几何结构的理解,其中宇宙射线引起的空气阵雨的大量能量沉积在冰中,在靠近冰表面的地方产生紧凑的冰内阵雨。我们使用新的CORSIKA 8代码计算了空气阵雨核心的无线电发射,发现它与中微子引起的阵雨的预测相似。我们首次计算了O(100米)深天线每年10-100次探测和探测器站的探测率,这使得它成为一个有用的校准源,因为这些向下的信号可以根据信号到达的方向与中微子引起的簇射区分开来。然而,冰中反射层的存在混淆了到达方向,这使得它成为一个潜在的重要背景。我们回顾了南极冰川反射层的现有信息,并首次量化了拟议的冰立方- gen2无线电阵列反射空气淋信号的相应速率,并讨论了缓解策略。这些层的反射率是主要的不确定性因素,如果不加以缓解,将导致对冰立方- gen2的预测速率远远低于每年一次到多次探测。
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来源期刊
Astroparticle Physics
Astroparticle Physics 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
2.90%
发文量
41
审稿时长
79 days
期刊介绍: Astroparticle Physics publishes experimental and theoretical research papers in the interacting fields of Cosmic Ray Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmology and Particle Physics focusing on new developments in the following areas: High-energy cosmic-ray physics and astrophysics; Particle cosmology; Particle astrophysics; Related astrophysics: supernova, AGN, cosmic abundances, dark matter etc.; Gravitational waves; High-energy, VHE and UHE gamma-ray astronomy; High- and low-energy neutrino astronomy; Instrumentation and detector developments related to the above-mentioned fields.
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