Nanomaterials in fire protection: Innovations for enhanced safety and durability

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101497

N.B. Singh , Usman Lawal Usman , Ahmed Abdala

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Fire hazards continue to pose serious threats to human life, infrastructure, and the environment, thereby demanding the development of advanced and effective fire protection strategies. In recent years, nanomaterials have emerged as a promising frontier in flame retardancy, owing to their superior thermal stability, high surface area, and multifunctional properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of nanomaterials—such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanosheets, and nanocomposites, in improving fire resistance across various sectors, including construction, electronics, textiles, and transportation. The mechanisms through which nanomaterials enhance flame retardancy include forming thermal barriers, promoting catalytic charring, and suppressing smoke and toxic gases. Nanomaterials offer enhanced efficiency, long-term durability, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional flame retardants. Furthermore, integrating nanotechnology with smart sensors and adopting green synthesis techniques presents innovative pathways for developing sustainable and intelligent fire protection systems. Despite these advantages, challenges such as production scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance remain significant hurdles. Nevertheless, ongoing research and technological advancements are addressing these issues, pushing the field forward. This review critically discusses the current state of research, key benefits, existing challenges, and prospects of nanomaterials in fire protection, emphasizing their transformative potential in enhancing safety across multiple modern industries.

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纳米材料在消防：创新，提高安全性和耐久性

火灾隐患继续对人类生命、基础设施和环境构成严重威胁，因此要求制定先进有效的消防战略。近年来，纳米材料由于其优异的热稳定性、高表面积和多功能特性而成为阻燃领域的一个有前途的前沿。本文综述了纳米材料（如纳米颗粒、纳米管、纳米片和纳米复合材料）在提高建筑、电子、纺织和交通等各个领域的防火性能方面的应用。纳米材料增强阻燃性的机制包括形成热障、促进催化炭化、抑制烟雾和有毒气体。与传统阻燃剂相比，纳米材料提供了更高的效率，长期耐用性，并减少了对环境的影响。此外，将纳米技术与智能传感器相结合，采用绿色合成技术，为开发可持续和智能消防系统提供了创新途径。尽管有这些优势，但诸如生产可伸缩性、成本效益和法规遵从性等挑战仍然是重大障碍。然而，正在进行的研究和技术进步正在解决这些问题，推动该领域向前发展。这篇综述批判性地讨论了纳米材料在消防方面的研究现状、主要优势、存在的挑战和前景，强调了它们在提高多个现代工业安全方面的变革潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects Physics and Astronomy-Condensed Matter Physics

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

22 days

期刊介绍： Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects is a new journal devoted to all aspects of the synthesis and the properties of this new flourishing domain. The journal is devoted to novel architectures at the nano-level with an emphasis on new synthesis and characterization methods. The journal is focused on the objects rather than on their applications. However, the research for new applications of original nano-structures & nano-objects in various fields such as nano-electronics, energy conversion, catalysis, drug delivery and nano-medicine is also welcome. The scope of Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects involves: -Metal and alloy nanoparticles with complex nanostructures such as shape control, core-shell and dumbells -Oxide nanoparticles and nanostructures, with complex oxide/metal, oxide/surface and oxide /organic interfaces -Inorganic semi-conducting nanoparticles (quantum dots) with an emphasis on new phases, structures, shapes and complexity -Nanostructures involving molecular inorganic species such as nanoparticles of coordination compounds, molecular magnets, spin transition nanoparticles etc. or organic nano-objects, in particular for molecular electronics -Nanostructured materials such as nano-MOFs and nano-zeolites -Hetero-junctions between molecules and nano-objects, between different nano-objects & nanostructures or between nano-objects & nanostructures and surfaces -Methods of characterization specific of the nano size or adapted for the nano size such as X-ray and neutron scattering, light scattering, NMR, Raman, Plasmonics, near field microscopies, various TEM and SEM techniques, magnetic studies, etc .