Emerging carbon capture applications of aerogels in the oil and gas sector: A review of current trends and future prospects

Abstract

Over the past three decades, the alarming surge in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, estimated at between 330 and 350 gigatons annually, has sparked global concerns. This rapid increase, driven by industrial expansion, fossil fuel dependence, and deforestation, highlights the pressing need for scalable and economically viable carbon sequestration methods. With their unique properties, such as high porosity and surface area, aerogels have emerged as a beacon of hope for industrial CO₂ capture. However, their practical applications are hindered by challenges such as mechanical fragility and high production costs.

This literature review elucidates the environmental effects, economic viability, life cycle assessments, current trends, and future possibilities of aerogels used in CO₂ capture, particularly in the oil and gas industry, where their potential is significant. We demonstrate the existing methods for capturing and storing CO₂ within the sector. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze CO₂ capture performance using various adsorbents, including amines, metal-organic frameworks, carbon, zeolites, and aerogel-based options. This analysis considers factors such as CO₂ absorption capacity, energy required for regeneration, durability, economic feasibility, environmental implications, life cycle assessments, and distinct advantages. Moreover, we explore enhancements in aerogel fabrication methods, emphasizing large-scale affordability, cost-effectiveness, economic viability, and their respective advantages and disadvantages. We also provide an in-depth evaluation of different types of aerogels, highlighting their specific strengths and capabilities for CO₂ capture. We also present the results of integrating materials science, industrial engineering, and carbon mitigation policy by presenting various surface modification and integration techniques applied to aerogels to enhance their stability and effectiveness for CO₂ capture applications. Our analytical approach encompasses a techno-economic feasibility study and cost reduction strategies within key market sectors.

As the energy industry moves towards achieving net-zero emissions, we thoroughly assess the broad applications of aerogels in this field. We summarize existing case studies and ongoing research efforts focused on developing aerogels for large-scale CO₂ capture. Finally, we evaluate current challenges, environmental impacts, and economic considerations, offering a comprehensive outlook filled with the potential to enhance the use of aerogels in CO₂ capture and fostering optimism regarding the energy industry's future.