Scrutinizing the nonlinear optical rectification, second and third harmonic generation in GaAs quantum ring: Role of pressure, temperature, dimensions, Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings

Abstract

Through this theoretical investigation, we highlighted the effects of internal (dimension, and Dresselhaus coupling) and external factors (Rashba coupling, pressure, and temperature) on the optical properties in a GaAs quantum ring (QR). We computed the subband energy levels and related wave functions by solving the 3D Schrödinger equation. We utilized analytical expressions for the nonlinear optical rectification (NOR), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) based on the compact density matrix approach by iterative method. Our numerical results have demonstrated that temperature, ring size, Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) alter the subband energies and subsequently tune the optical properties of the system. Therefore, these parameters play a pivotal function in the electronic and optical properties of the structure, making it a versatile system for quantum devices and optoelectronic applications. These numerical findings can be helpful in improving experimental studies of NOR, SHG, and THG processes in low-dimensional structures under pressure and temperature in the presence of SOCs. The ability to precisely control and engineer these parameters may enable the development of QR-based devices with enhanced performance.