Skin-Interfaced Entirely Self-Contained Wearable Biosensor for the Noninvasive and Dynamic Monitoring of Sweat Myo-Inositol

Abstract

Wearable sweat biosensors possess the unique capacity to noninvasively and continually track chemical biomarkers pertinent to health assessment and illness diagnoses. Personalized monitoring of myo-inositol is crucial in physiological function modulation and disease management. However, current methodologies heavily rely on intrusive blood draws/unwieldy analytical laboratory apparatus, hindering their implementation for daily and real-time monitoring. Here, we report a skin-interfaced entirely self-contained wearable sweat myo-inositol biosensor (ES-WSMB), which readily allows on-demand sweat extraction at rest via an iontophoresis unit, automated sweat sampling and renewal via an automated microfluidic unit, real-time myo-inositol analysis and calibration with simultaneously collected sweat pH and Na⁺ via a sweat analysis unit, and signal processing/communication via an intelligent control unit. We tested the performance of ES-WSMB in healthy participants through the dose–response and metabolic-interference challenges. We identify a high correlation between sweat and plasma myo-inositol through the control experiments that are exquisitely designed. These distinctive features of ES-WSMB would facilitate precise and personalized health management in physiological functions, disease, and beyond.