{"title":"Childhood-to-adolescence weight trajectories and adult hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tao Xu, Yuexian Tao, Yuling Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104160","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Given the global burden of obesity, it is critically important to understand how different life-course weight trajectories influence the risk of hypertension in adulthood. Body weight changes across developmental stages may exert varying impacts on long-term cardiovascular health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight changes from childhood to adolescence and the subsequent risk of developing hypertension in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases from inception to July 26, 2023. Study selection and data extraction were independently carried out by two reviewers. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests. Thirteen eligible studies comprising a total of 125,329 participants were included in the final analysis. Key findings were as follows: (i) Variations in weight trajectory were significantly associated with hypertension risk. (ii) Weight gain from childhood to adolescence was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR = 2.27; 95 % CI: 1.83-2.83). (iii) Persistent overweight status was linked to an even greater risk (RR = 3.29; 95 % CI: 2.18-5.28). (iv) Elevated BMI during youth correlated with increased adult blood pressure. (v) Females with persistent overweight had a significantly higher hypertension risk compared to males (RR = 3.23; 95 % CI: 2.35-4.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to maintaining a stable normal weight, both weight gain and persistent overweight from childhood to adolescence are strongly associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adulthood. Moreover, this association may differ by sex, suggesting the need for sex-specific prevention strategies targeting early-life weight management.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42022353522; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=353522.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104160","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aims: Given the global burden of obesity, it is critically important to understand how different life-course weight trajectories influence the risk of hypertension in adulthood. Body weight changes across developmental stages may exert varying impacts on long-term cardiovascular health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight changes from childhood to adolescence and the subsequent risk of developing hypertension in adulthood.
Data synthesis: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases from inception to July 26, 2023. Study selection and data extraction were independently carried out by two reviewers. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests. Thirteen eligible studies comprising a total of 125,329 participants were included in the final analysis. Key findings were as follows: (i) Variations in weight trajectory were significantly associated with hypertension risk. (ii) Weight gain from childhood to adolescence was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR = 2.27; 95 % CI: 1.83-2.83). (iii) Persistent overweight status was linked to an even greater risk (RR = 3.29; 95 % CI: 2.18-5.28). (iv) Elevated BMI during youth correlated with increased adult blood pressure. (v) Females with persistent overweight had a significantly higher hypertension risk compared to males (RR = 3.23; 95 % CI: 2.35-4.43).
Conclusion: Compared to maintaining a stable normal weight, both weight gain and persistent overweight from childhood to adolescence are strongly associated with an increased risk of hypertension in adulthood. Moreover, this association may differ by sex, suggesting the need for sex-specific prevention strategies targeting early-life weight management.
期刊介绍：
Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases is a forum designed to focus on the powerful interplay between nutritional and metabolic alterations, and cardiovascular disorders. It aims to be a highly qualified tool to help refine strategies against the nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. By presenting original clinical and experimental findings, it introduces readers and authors into a rapidly developing area of clinical and preventive medicine, including also vascular biology. Of particular concern are the origins, the mechanisms and the means to prevent and control diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other nutrition-related diseases.
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