Sleep Quality and Its Associated Factors among Adult Patients Admitted in the Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Sleep is essential for physiologic function and mental health stability, which promotes recovery from severe illness. However, poor sleep quality is a common complaint in the critical care unit. In intensive care units (ICUs), physical aspects of patient care are often prioritized over humanized aspects of care.

Objective: To assess the level of sleep quality and its associated factors among adult patients admitted to critical care units in Addis Ababa.

Method: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in three selected public hospitals. Over 4 months of the period we consecutively collected data among ICU patients, who were oriented to time, person, and place on the day of discharge. A modified freedman self-reporting and personal characteristics questionnaire was used. The data were entered into Epi-data version 4.4.6.0 and analyzed with SPSS 25. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. A P-value of <.05 indicated statistical significance, and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence range was used to show the strength of the association.

Result: Of the total 102 participants, 57.8% of ICU patients had poor sleep quality. Four variables were identified as significant associations with poor sleep quality among ICU patients. These included elderly age (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42, 7.93), comorbidity (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.24, 9.03), light exposure (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.16, 5.11), and the monitor's alarm (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.04, 8.23) were identified as significant association factors for poor sleep quality.

Conclusion and recommendation: Poor sleep quality was a major concern for ICU patients in this study. Elderly individuals, those with comorbidity, light exposure, and monitor alarms have been associated with poor sleep quality. Reducing nighttime light and adjusting alarm settings may significantly improve sleep quality, resulting in better recovery results in critical care units.