Impact of Playing Experience on the Relationship between Basketball Release Velocity and Muscle Contraction Strength in Mid- and Long-Distance Jump Shots.

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the impact of playing experience on vertical release velocity (VV) and horizontal release velocity (HV) during mid- and long-distance jump shots, and the relationships among VV, HV, and the contraction intensity levels of primary muscles. The study utilized a cross-sectional experimental design, with 30 participants completing three effective jump shots at distances of 4.8 m and 6.75 m. Data were collected using a 3D motion capture system and an electromyography (EMG) recording system, with velocity-time data extracted to determine VV and HV, and EMG data analyzed using wavelet analysis. A two-factor mixed ANOVA was used to compare differences in VV and HV under different conditions, and Spearman correlation analysis was employed to explore relationships among VV, HV, and the energy values of major muscle frequency bands. The results indicated that playing experience significantly improved VV (p < 0.001). At mid-range distances, experienced athletes' VV positively correlated with the low frequency band (r = 0.479, p = 0.048) and near frequency band (r = 0.539, p = 0.038) energy values of the triceps brachii (TB), as well as the high frequency band (r = 0.679, p = 0.005) and mid-high frequency band (r = 0.571, p = 0.026) energy values of the anterior deltoid (AD). At long-range distances, VV negatively correlated with the low frequency band energy values of the flexor carpi radialis (r = -0.5, p = 0.045), the high frequency band of TB (r = -0.564, p = 0.028), and the near frequency band of AD (r = -0.496, p = 0.046). These findings suggest that playing experience significantly alters VV during jump shots, and this alteration may be associated with the overall activity of the TB, the explosive activity of the AD, and the baseline activity of the rectus femoris.